BIO 325 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
True -Correct Answer ✔-Environmental contaminants and genetic mutations could
cause the same congenital abnormality if they both disrupt similar signaling
pathways
True -Correct Answer ✔-During vertebrate gastrulation, the three germ layers:
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm are formed
False -- germ layer undergoes reciprocal induction -Correct Answer ✔-During
organogenesis, the primordial germ cells undergo reciprocal inductions to induce
organ formation
Nervous system and pigment cells -Correct Answer ✔-Which tissue(s) are derived
from the ectoderm germ layer?
False -Correct Answer ✔-During gameotogenesis, the germ layers differentiate
into egg and sperm
a.) Genetic factors in the embryo such as mutations, aneuploides, and
translocations
b.) Environmental disturbances caused by metabolic imbalance in the mom, such
as diabetes
c.) Environmental agents including chemicals, viruses, radiation
d.) Combination of genetic and environmental factors
---> e.) ALL OF THE ABOVE -Correct Answer ✔-Which of the following contribute(s)
to congenital abnormalities in human neonates?
True -Correct Answer ✔-The shared features of a large group of animals appears
earlier in embryonic development than the specialized features of a smaller group
, Bmp4 and Smad1/5/8 -Correct Answer ✔-Which of the following choices
identifies a set of genes that have the potential to result in similar embryonic
defects when mutated?
Mosaic Pleotrophy -Correct Answer ✔-Mutations in the extracellular matrix
protease ADAMTS9 can lead to abnormalities in the developing limb and eye. This
would be an example of:
Fertilization
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Organogenesis
Gametogenesis
Birth
Death -Correct Answer ✔-Which of the following choices accurately orders the
stages of a male's life cycle?
a.) The specialized characteristics develop from more general structures
b.) They share similar genes
c.) The embryos go through similar stages of early embryonic development
d.) The genes encode proteins with similar function
--> e.) ALL OF THE ABOVE -Correct Answer ✔-Why is it valid to use experimental
evidence from non-human species to make models for human development?
Competence -Correct Answer ✔-Which of the following terms refers to the ability
of a tissue or cell to respond to an inductive signal?
Phenotypic Heterogeneity -Correct Answer ✔-Mutations in a TF that helps to
specify the brain and spinal column can cause spina bifida (exposed spinal cord) in
some individuals, the extent to which the spinal cord is exposed varies
considerably among patients who inherit the mutation. This observation is an
example of:
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
True -Correct Answer ✔-Environmental contaminants and genetic mutations could
cause the same congenital abnormality if they both disrupt similar signaling
pathways
True -Correct Answer ✔-During vertebrate gastrulation, the three germ layers:
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm are formed
False -- germ layer undergoes reciprocal induction -Correct Answer ✔-During
organogenesis, the primordial germ cells undergo reciprocal inductions to induce
organ formation
Nervous system and pigment cells -Correct Answer ✔-Which tissue(s) are derived
from the ectoderm germ layer?
False -Correct Answer ✔-During gameotogenesis, the germ layers differentiate
into egg and sperm
a.) Genetic factors in the embryo such as mutations, aneuploides, and
translocations
b.) Environmental disturbances caused by metabolic imbalance in the mom, such
as diabetes
c.) Environmental agents including chemicals, viruses, radiation
d.) Combination of genetic and environmental factors
---> e.) ALL OF THE ABOVE -Correct Answer ✔-Which of the following contribute(s)
to congenital abnormalities in human neonates?
True -Correct Answer ✔-The shared features of a large group of animals appears
earlier in embryonic development than the specialized features of a smaller group
, Bmp4 and Smad1/5/8 -Correct Answer ✔-Which of the following choices
identifies a set of genes that have the potential to result in similar embryonic
defects when mutated?
Mosaic Pleotrophy -Correct Answer ✔-Mutations in the extracellular matrix
protease ADAMTS9 can lead to abnormalities in the developing limb and eye. This
would be an example of:
Fertilization
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Organogenesis
Gametogenesis
Birth
Death -Correct Answer ✔-Which of the following choices accurately orders the
stages of a male's life cycle?
a.) The specialized characteristics develop from more general structures
b.) They share similar genes
c.) The embryos go through similar stages of early embryonic development
d.) The genes encode proteins with similar function
--> e.) ALL OF THE ABOVE -Correct Answer ✔-Why is it valid to use experimental
evidence from non-human species to make models for human development?
Competence -Correct Answer ✔-Which of the following terms refers to the ability
of a tissue or cell to respond to an inductive signal?
Phenotypic Heterogeneity -Correct Answer ✔-Mutations in a TF that helps to
specify the brain and spinal column can cause spina bifida (exposed spinal cord) in
some individuals, the extent to which the spinal cord is exposed varies
considerably among patients who inherit the mutation. This observation is an
example of:
