NR 601 Midterm Exam Study Guide Weeks 1-4
Content Advanced Practice Nursing ACTUAL EXAM
2026/2027 | Primary Care | Verified Q&A | Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Course: NR 601 – Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family Practicum
Exam: Midterm Exam – Weeks 1-4 Content
Format: 100 questions across six content domains
Section 1: Foundations of Geriatric Care & Aging Theories (15 Questions)
Q1: Which theory of aging proposes that aging results from cumulative DNA and RNA mistakes over
time?
A. Free Radical Theory
B. Error Theory [CORRECT]
C. Cross-Link Theory
D. Programmed Theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because the Error Theory suggests that aging occurs due to the
accumulation of errors in DNA and RNA synthesis over time, leading to cellular dysfunction.
Q2: The Rule of Fours in geriatric care refers to which four factors that contribute to functional decline?
A. Disease, disuse, misuse, and physiologic aging [CORRECT]
B. Diet, exercise, sleep, and stress
C. Genetics, environment, lifestyle, and access to care
D. Physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the Rule of Fours describes the four contributors to functional
decline in older adults: disease, disuse, misuse, and physiologic aging.
Q3: Which of the following is a normal cardiovascular change associated with aging?
A. Decreased aortic compliance [CORRECT]
B. Increased cardiac output
C. Thinning of heart valves
D. Decreased systemic vascular resistance
,Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because normal aging causes decreased aortic compliance and stiffening
of the heart valves, which can lead to isolated systolic hypertension.
Q4: Which of the following are normal respiratory changes associated with aging? (Select all that apply.)
A. Increased residual volume [CORRECT]
B. Decreased cough reflex [CORRECT]
C. Decreased chest wall compliance [CORRECT]
D. Increased vital capacity
E. Increased respiratory rate
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, and C because normal aging causes increased residual volume,
decreased cough reflex, and decreased chest wall compliance. Vital capacity decreases, and respiratory
rate typically remains unchanged.
Q5: An older adult has a GFR of 55 mL/min. How should this be interpreted?
A. Normal for age [CORRECT]
B. Stage 3 chronic kidney disease
C. Stage 4 chronic kidney disease
D. Requires immediate dialysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because a GFR of 55 mL/min is considered normal for an older adult due
to the age-related decline in renal function.
Q6: Which of the following are the three primary aging changes that affect older adults?
A. Reduced physiologic reserve, reduced homeostatic mechanisms, impaired immunologic function
[CORRECT]
B. Increased physiologic reserve, increased homeostatic mechanisms, enhanced immunologic function
C. Reduced physiologic reserve, increased homeostatic mechanisms, impaired immunologic function
D. Increased physiologic reserve, reduced homeostatic mechanisms, enhanced immunologic function
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the three primary aging changes are reduced physiologic
reserve, reduced homeostatic mechanisms, and impaired immunologic function.
Q7: Which theory of aging proposes that aging is due to the accumulation of free radicals that damage
cells?
A. Error Theory
B. Free Radical Theory [CORRECT]
C. Cross-Link Theory
D. Programmed Theory
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because the Free Radical Theory suggests that aging results from
cumulative damage caused by free radicals.
Q8: Which of the following are components of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)? (Select
all that apply.)
A. Physical health [CORRECT]
B. Functional ability [CORRECT]
C. Psychosocial health [CORRECT]
D. Environmental safety [CORRECT]
E. Financial status
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, C, and D because the CGA includes physical health, functional ability,
psychosocial health, and environmental safety. Financial status may be assessed but is not a core
component.
Q9: The Fulmer SPICES framework is used to assess which of the following?
A. Common geriatric syndromes [CORRECT]
B. Cardiovascular risk
C. Diabetes management
D. Cancer screening
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the Fulmer SPICES framework assesses common geriatric
syndromes: Sleep, Problems eating, Incontinence, Confusion, Evidence of falls, and Skin breakdown.
Q10: Which of the following is a normal renal change associated with aging?
A. Decreased GFR [CORRECT]
B. Increased renal mass
C. Increased creatinine clearance
D. Increased urine concentrating ability
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because normal aging causes a decrease in GFR and renal mass.
Q11: Which of the following are normal hematologic changes associated with aging? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Decreased bone marrow response to stress [CORRECT]
B. Decreased hemoglobin levels
C. Increased risk of anemia
D. Increased white blood cell count
E. Decreased lymphocyte function
Content Advanced Practice Nursing ACTUAL EXAM
2026/2027 | Primary Care | Verified Q&A | Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Course: NR 601 – Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family Practicum
Exam: Midterm Exam – Weeks 1-4 Content
Format: 100 questions across six content domains
Section 1: Foundations of Geriatric Care & Aging Theories (15 Questions)
Q1: Which theory of aging proposes that aging results from cumulative DNA and RNA mistakes over
time?
A. Free Radical Theory
B. Error Theory [CORRECT]
C. Cross-Link Theory
D. Programmed Theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because the Error Theory suggests that aging occurs due to the
accumulation of errors in DNA and RNA synthesis over time, leading to cellular dysfunction.
Q2: The Rule of Fours in geriatric care refers to which four factors that contribute to functional decline?
A. Disease, disuse, misuse, and physiologic aging [CORRECT]
B. Diet, exercise, sleep, and stress
C. Genetics, environment, lifestyle, and access to care
D. Physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the Rule of Fours describes the four contributors to functional
decline in older adults: disease, disuse, misuse, and physiologic aging.
Q3: Which of the following is a normal cardiovascular change associated with aging?
A. Decreased aortic compliance [CORRECT]
B. Increased cardiac output
C. Thinning of heart valves
D. Decreased systemic vascular resistance
,Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because normal aging causes decreased aortic compliance and stiffening
of the heart valves, which can lead to isolated systolic hypertension.
Q4: Which of the following are normal respiratory changes associated with aging? (Select all that apply.)
A. Increased residual volume [CORRECT]
B. Decreased cough reflex [CORRECT]
C. Decreased chest wall compliance [CORRECT]
D. Increased vital capacity
E. Increased respiratory rate
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, and C because normal aging causes increased residual volume,
decreased cough reflex, and decreased chest wall compliance. Vital capacity decreases, and respiratory
rate typically remains unchanged.
Q5: An older adult has a GFR of 55 mL/min. How should this be interpreted?
A. Normal for age [CORRECT]
B. Stage 3 chronic kidney disease
C. Stage 4 chronic kidney disease
D. Requires immediate dialysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because a GFR of 55 mL/min is considered normal for an older adult due
to the age-related decline in renal function.
Q6: Which of the following are the three primary aging changes that affect older adults?
A. Reduced physiologic reserve, reduced homeostatic mechanisms, impaired immunologic function
[CORRECT]
B. Increased physiologic reserve, increased homeostatic mechanisms, enhanced immunologic function
C. Reduced physiologic reserve, increased homeostatic mechanisms, impaired immunologic function
D. Increased physiologic reserve, reduced homeostatic mechanisms, enhanced immunologic function
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the three primary aging changes are reduced physiologic
reserve, reduced homeostatic mechanisms, and impaired immunologic function.
Q7: Which theory of aging proposes that aging is due to the accumulation of free radicals that damage
cells?
A. Error Theory
B. Free Radical Theory [CORRECT]
C. Cross-Link Theory
D. Programmed Theory
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because the Free Radical Theory suggests that aging results from
cumulative damage caused by free radicals.
Q8: Which of the following are components of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)? (Select
all that apply.)
A. Physical health [CORRECT]
B. Functional ability [CORRECT]
C. Psychosocial health [CORRECT]
D. Environmental safety [CORRECT]
E. Financial status
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, C, and D because the CGA includes physical health, functional ability,
psychosocial health, and environmental safety. Financial status may be assessed but is not a core
component.
Q9: The Fulmer SPICES framework is used to assess which of the following?
A. Common geriatric syndromes [CORRECT]
B. Cardiovascular risk
C. Diabetes management
D. Cancer screening
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the Fulmer SPICES framework assesses common geriatric
syndromes: Sleep, Problems eating, Incontinence, Confusion, Evidence of falls, and Skin breakdown.
Q10: Which of the following is a normal renal change associated with aging?
A. Decreased GFR [CORRECT]
B. Increased renal mass
C. Increased creatinine clearance
D. Increased urine concentrating ability
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because normal aging causes a decrease in GFR and renal mass.
Q11: Which of the following are normal hematologic changes associated with aging? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Decreased bone marrow response to stress [CORRECT]
B. Decreased hemoglobin levels
C. Increased risk of anemia
D. Increased white blood cell count
E. Decreased lymphocyte function
