Biol 271 Microbiology W/ Lab Module 2 Exam Review | Lockdown Browser | Portage Learning

BIOL 271 MICROBIOLOGY W/ LAB MODULE 2 EXAM REVIEW | LOCKDOWN BROWSER | PORTAGE
LEARNING
QUESTIONS 1–150+
#### SECTION 1: METABOLISM FUNDAMENTALS (Questions 1–25)


1. Metabolism can be defined as:
A) A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur only in motile organisms
B) A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life
C) The breakdown of glucose for energy
D) The synthesis of macromolecules only
Answer B: A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life
Rationale: Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, both catabolic and
anabolic, that maintain life.




2. True or False: As movement requires energy, metabolism can be defined as a controlled set of
biochemical reactions that occur in only motile organisms in order to maintain life.
A) True
B) False
Answer B: False
Rationale: Metabolism occurs in all living organisms, not just those that move.




3. Which term describes the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism?
A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Metabolism
D) Homeostasis
Answer C: Metabolism
Rationale: Metabolism is the total of all biochemical reactions in an organism, encompassing both catabolic
and anabolic pathways.

,4. The breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy, is termed:
A) Catabolism
B) Anabolism
C) Endergonic synthesis
D) Feedback inhibition
Answer A: Catabolism
Rationale: Catabolism is the degradative phase of metabolism that breaks down complex molecules into
simpler ones, releasing energy.




5. The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy, is termed:
A) Catabolism
B) Anabolism
C) Metabolism
D) Hydrolysis
Answer B: Anabolism
Rationale: Anabolism is the biosynthetic phase of metabolism that builds complex molecules from simpler
ones and requires energy.




6. During the growth and repair phase after a cell injury, which metabolic process is primarily active?
A) Catabolism
B) Anabolism
C) Fermentation
D) Glycolysis
Answer B: Anabolism
Rationale: Anabolism is the synthetic phase active during growth and repair.




7. In order to convert proteins into amino acids, which metabolic process would be active?
A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Glycolysis
D) Photosynthesis
Answer B: Catabolism

,Rationale: Catabolism would be active as proteins are made up of amino acids; the breakdown of proteins
into amino acids is catabolic.




8. True or False: Enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy.
A) True
B) False
Answer B: False
Rationale: Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.




9. Which of the following is the correct definition of a cofactor?
A) A large protein molecule that catalyzes reactions
B) A small chemical component that assists an enzyme during catalysis
C) The active site of an enzyme where substrates bind
D) An organic molecule derived from vitamins
Answer B: A small chemical component that assists an enzyme during catalysis
Rationale: A cofactor is a small chemical component (typically metal ions like Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺) that assists
an enzyme during catalysis.




10. Which of the following is an example of a cofactor?
A) NAD⁺
B) Fe²⁺
C) FAD
D) Coenzyme A
Answer B: Fe²⁺
Rationale: Cofactors are typically metal ions. NAD⁺, FAD, and Coenzyme A are coenzymes (organic
cofactors).




11. Which of the following is an example of a coenzyme?
A) Zn²⁺
B) Mg²⁺
C) NAD⁺
D) Fe²⁺

, Answer C: NAD⁺ j0 j0




Rationale: Coenzymes are organic molecules derived from vitamins that assist enzymes. NAD⁺ is a
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




j0 coenzyme.




12. The active site of an enzyme is:
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




A) The entire enzyme molecule
j0 j0 j0 j0




B) The region where substrates bind and catalysis occurs
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




C) Where cofactors are stored
j0 j0 j0 j0




D) The site of ATP synthesis
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




Answer B: The region where substrates bind and catalysis occurs
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




Rationale: The active site is the specific region on the enzyme where substrates bind and the chemical
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




j0 reaction occurs. j0




13. True or False: Enzymes remain unchanged after the reaction and can be reused.
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




A) True
j0




B) False
j0




Answer A: True j0 j0




Rationale: Enzymes are catalysts that are not consumed in the reaction and can be reused.
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




14. Which factor can denature an enzyme by disrupting its tertiary structure?
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




A) Mild pH changes
j0 j0 j0




B) Cold temperatures
j0 j0




C) Extreme high heat
j0 j0 j0




D) Substrate concentration
j0 j0




Answer C: Extreme high heat j0 j0 j0 j0




Rationale: High heat disrupts the enzyme's tertiary structure irreversibly; cold usually slows activity but
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




j0 does not denature.
j0 j0




15. Enzymes work by:
j0 j0 j0




A) Increasing the activation energy
j0 j0 j0 j0




B) Lowering the activation energy required for a reaction
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0 j0




C) Consuming energy from the reaction
j0 j0 j0 j0 j0