BSC 114 Exam 2 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
The totality of chemical reactions that occur in a living
Metabolism
organism
Each step in a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by a specific
Enzyme
Enzyme A biological catalyst
What are the vast majority of ezymes Proteins
Releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to
Catabolic
simpler compounds
Example of a catabolic reaction Breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration
Consumes energy to build complex molecules from sim-
Anabolic
pler ones
Example of anabolic reaction Synthesis of proteins from amino acids
Kinetic energy Energy associated with motion
Kinetic energy associated with random movement of
Heat (thermal energy)
atoms or molecules
Energy that matter possesses beacause of its location or
Potential energy
structure
Potential energy available for release in a chemical reac-
Chemical energy
tion
The energy of the universe is constant, it can be trans-
First law of thermodynamics ferred and transformed but cannot be created or de-
stroyed
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the en-
Second law of thermodynamics
tropy (disorder) of the universe
Energy and matter can be transferred between the sys-
What happens in an open system?
tems and its surroundings
Are living organisms open systems? Yes because they lose a great deal of energy through heat
, BSC 114 Exam 2 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Closed system Isolated from its surroundings
Energy that is available to perform work when tempera-
Free energy (G)
ture and pressure are uniform
What is the equation to find G? G= G final- G initial
A process is spontaneous and can perform work only
Equilibrium
when it is moving toward
Reactions that release energy
Exergonic
Reactions that absorb energy
Endergonic
True or False: G is negative in an exergonic reaction True
The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic
Energy coupling
one
Phosphorylation The addition of a phosphate group to another molecule
Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by Lowering their activation energy
Substrate Reactant that an enzymes acts on
Enzyme-substrate complex When the enzyme binds to its substrate
Active site The region on the enzyme where the substrate binds
Conformational change in an enzyme induced by binding
of a substrate that brings chemical groups of the active
The totality of chemical reactions that occur in a living
Metabolism
organism
Each step in a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by a specific
Enzyme
Enzyme A biological catalyst
What are the vast majority of ezymes Proteins
Releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to
Catabolic
simpler compounds
Example of a catabolic reaction Breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration
Consumes energy to build complex molecules from sim-
Anabolic
pler ones
Example of anabolic reaction Synthesis of proteins from amino acids
Kinetic energy Energy associated with motion
Kinetic energy associated with random movement of
Heat (thermal energy)
atoms or molecules
Energy that matter possesses beacause of its location or
Potential energy
structure
Potential energy available for release in a chemical reac-
Chemical energy
tion
The energy of the universe is constant, it can be trans-
First law of thermodynamics ferred and transformed but cannot be created or de-
stroyed
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the en-
Second law of thermodynamics
tropy (disorder) of the universe
Energy and matter can be transferred between the sys-
What happens in an open system?
tems and its surroundings
Are living organisms open systems? Yes because they lose a great deal of energy through heat
, BSC 114 Exam 2 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Closed system Isolated from its surroundings
Energy that is available to perform work when tempera-
Free energy (G)
ture and pressure are uniform
What is the equation to find G? G= G final- G initial
A process is spontaneous and can perform work only
Equilibrium
when it is moving toward
Reactions that release energy
Exergonic
Reactions that absorb energy
Endergonic
True or False: G is negative in an exergonic reaction True
The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic
Energy coupling
one
Phosphorylation The addition of a phosphate group to another molecule
Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by Lowering their activation energy
Substrate Reactant that an enzymes acts on
Enzyme-substrate complex When the enzyme binds to its substrate
Active site The region on the enzyme where the substrate binds
Conformational change in an enzyme induced by binding
of a substrate that brings chemical groups of the active
