CHEM 101 Midterm and Final Exams – 150-
Question Complete Practice Exam
Section I: Aging and Geriatric Foundations (1–20)
1. Which theory of aging proposes that aging is caused by the accumulation of damage from
free radicals?
A. Programmed theory
B. Free radical theory
C. Wear-and-tear theory
D. Immunological theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The free radical theory attributes aging to cumulative oxidative damage from
reactive oxygen species.
2. Which theory of aging suggests that aging is genetically predetermined?
A. Programmed theory
B. Free radical theory
C. Wear-and-tear theory
D. Cross-linkage theory
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The programmed theory holds that aging follows a genetically determined
timetable.
3. What is the term for the study of aging and older adults?
A. Gerontology
B. Geriatrics
C. Thanatology
D. Anthropology
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of aging; geriatrics is the medical care
of older adults.
,4. Which age group is typically defined as the "young-old" in geriatric literature?
A. 55–64
B. 65–74
C. 75–84
D. 85 and older
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The young-old are typically 65–74; middle-old 75–84; old-old 85 and older.
5. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the cardiovascular system?
A. Increased cardiac output
B. Decreased arterial elasticity
C. Increased heart rate
D. Decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arterial stiffness increases with age, raising systolic blood pressure and
afterload.
6. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the respiratory system?
A. Increased vital capacity
B. Decreased chest wall compliance
C. Increased cough reflex
D. Increased alveolar surface area
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chest wall compliance decreases, and respiratory muscle strength declines with
age.
7. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the renal system?
A. Increased glomerular filtration rate
B. Decreased renal blood flow
C. Increased bladder capacity
D. Decreased urine concentration
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal blood flow and GFR decline with age, reducing drug clearance.
8. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the gastrointestinal system?
A. Increased gastric acid secretion
B. Decreased peristalsis
C. Increased liver size
D. Increased absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased peristalsis contributes to constipation in older adults.
9. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the musculoskeletal system?
A. Increased bone density
B. Decreased muscle mass
C. Increased cartilage
D. Increased height
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass) is a normal age-related change.
10. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the nervous system?
A. Increased nerve conduction velocity
B. Decreased reaction time
C. Increased brain weight
D. Increased deep tendon reflexes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nerve conduction slows with age, increasing reaction time.
11. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the sensory system?
A. Increased visual acuity
B. Presbycusis
C. Increased taste sensitivity
D. Increased smell
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss, especially of high-frequency sounds.
12. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the integumentary system?
A. Increased skin elasticity
B. Decreased subcutaneous fat
C. Increased sweat gland activity
D. Increased melanin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loss of subcutaneous fat reduces insulation and cushioning.
13. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the immune system?
A. Increased T-cell function
B. Decreased antibody response
C. Increased fever response
D. Increased vaccine efficacy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immune senescence decreases antibody response and vaccine efficacy.
14. What is the term for the loss of muscle mass with aging?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Sarcopenia
C. Kyphosis
D. Scoliosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
15. What is the term for age-related hearing loss?
A. Presbyopia
B. Presbycusis
C. Tinnitus
D. Vertigo
Question Complete Practice Exam
Section I: Aging and Geriatric Foundations (1–20)
1. Which theory of aging proposes that aging is caused by the accumulation of damage from
free radicals?
A. Programmed theory
B. Free radical theory
C. Wear-and-tear theory
D. Immunological theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The free radical theory attributes aging to cumulative oxidative damage from
reactive oxygen species.
2. Which theory of aging suggests that aging is genetically predetermined?
A. Programmed theory
B. Free radical theory
C. Wear-and-tear theory
D. Cross-linkage theory
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The programmed theory holds that aging follows a genetically determined
timetable.
3. What is the term for the study of aging and older adults?
A. Gerontology
B. Geriatrics
C. Thanatology
D. Anthropology
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of aging; geriatrics is the medical care
of older adults.
,4. Which age group is typically defined as the "young-old" in geriatric literature?
A. 55–64
B. 65–74
C. 75–84
D. 85 and older
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The young-old are typically 65–74; middle-old 75–84; old-old 85 and older.
5. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the cardiovascular system?
A. Increased cardiac output
B. Decreased arterial elasticity
C. Increased heart rate
D. Decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arterial stiffness increases with age, raising systolic blood pressure and
afterload.
6. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the respiratory system?
A. Increased vital capacity
B. Decreased chest wall compliance
C. Increased cough reflex
D. Increased alveolar surface area
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chest wall compliance decreases, and respiratory muscle strength declines with
age.
7. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the renal system?
A. Increased glomerular filtration rate
B. Decreased renal blood flow
C. Increased bladder capacity
D. Decreased urine concentration
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal blood flow and GFR decline with age, reducing drug clearance.
8. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the gastrointestinal system?
A. Increased gastric acid secretion
B. Decreased peristalsis
C. Increased liver size
D. Increased absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased peristalsis contributes to constipation in older adults.
9. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the musculoskeletal system?
A. Increased bone density
B. Decreased muscle mass
C. Increased cartilage
D. Increased height
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass) is a normal age-related change.
10. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the nervous system?
A. Increased nerve conduction velocity
B. Decreased reaction time
C. Increased brain weight
D. Increased deep tendon reflexes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nerve conduction slows with age, increasing reaction time.
11. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the sensory system?
A. Increased visual acuity
B. Presbycusis
C. Increased taste sensitivity
D. Increased smell
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss, especially of high-frequency sounds.
12. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the integumentary system?
A. Increased skin elasticity
B. Decreased subcutaneous fat
C. Increased sweat gland activity
D. Increased melanin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loss of subcutaneous fat reduces insulation and cushioning.
13. Which of the following is a normal age-related change in the immune system?
A. Increased T-cell function
B. Decreased antibody response
C. Increased fever response
D. Increased vaccine efficacy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immune senescence decreases antibody response and vaccine efficacy.
14. What is the term for the loss of muscle mass with aging?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Sarcopenia
C. Kyphosis
D. Scoliosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
15. What is the term for age-related hearing loss?
A. Presbyopia
B. Presbycusis
C. Tinnitus
D. Vertigo
