WGU D311 Micro Section 1 Exam Questions and Correct Answers 100% Verified Graded
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What are characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells "Bacteria" - Single celled, do not have
nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast, multiple shapes (coccus, bacillus, vibrio, etc) found in
pairs, clusters or chains
What are characteristics of Eukaryotic cells "animal and plant cells" - Have a nucleus,
have membrane bound organelles, single celled or multicellular, larger than prokaryotes, linear
histone wrapped chromosomes
Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - All plants and animal cells (protozoans
, algae, fungi) are Eukaryotic.
bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotic
Structures if Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane organelles in the cytoplasm ( mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysomes, and peroxisomes held in place by the
cytoskeleton. Flagella (whip like/flexible) and cilla
Structures of Prokaryotic: cell membrane, chromosomal dna that is in nucleotide, ribosomes, and
cell wall. Flagella (stiff/rotating) pilli, fimbriae and capsules
Bacteria - Found in every habitat on earth, prokaryotic, cell walls have peptidoglycan and
described by shape (coccus, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
Protists - A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.
,Fungi - Eukaryotic, lives by decomposing and absorbing nutrients. Not photosynthetic and
has cell wall made of chitin
Helminths - multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes
ex: Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
Viruses - Acellular, consists of proteins and genetic material (dna/rna) never both
Bacterial Structures "prokaryotic" - Nucleoid, ribosomes, endospores, plasma membrane,
cell wall, peptidoglycan, flagella, fimbriae, pilli
Nucleoid of Bacteria - central area in a prokaryotic cell that contains genetic information,
not surrounded by a membrane
Ribosomes of Bacteria - site of protein synthesis. 70S composed of two subunits (30S
small and 50S large and are composed of protein and rRNA components
Endospores of bacteria - form around DNA when stressed, protect until conditions are
good
Plasma membrane in bacteria - phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that defines
the boundary of the cell
, Cell wall of bacteria - made of peptidoglycan and help maintain shape and withstand
changes in osmotic pressure
Peptidoglycan of bacteria - is part of the cell wall.
is made of sugars and proteins.
Flagella of bacteria - acts as a propeller to move the cell. Stiff, rotating structure.
Fimbriae of bacteria - hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to surfaces
Pili of bacteria - Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer
DNA
Chemotaxis - Directional movt from a call in response to chemical attraction
Phototaxis - movement in response to light using flagella
Bacterium "runs" - Movt of bacteria counterclockwise flagellar rotation
Bacteria "tumbles" - Random movt of bacterial cell by clockwise flagellar rotation
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What are characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells "Bacteria" - Single celled, do not have
nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast, multiple shapes (coccus, bacillus, vibrio, etc) found in
pairs, clusters or chains
What are characteristics of Eukaryotic cells "animal and plant cells" - Have a nucleus,
have membrane bound organelles, single celled or multicellular, larger than prokaryotes, linear
histone wrapped chromosomes
Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - All plants and animal cells (protozoans
, algae, fungi) are Eukaryotic.
bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotic
Structures if Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane organelles in the cytoplasm ( mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysomes, and peroxisomes held in place by the
cytoskeleton. Flagella (whip like/flexible) and cilla
Structures of Prokaryotic: cell membrane, chromosomal dna that is in nucleotide, ribosomes, and
cell wall. Flagella (stiff/rotating) pilli, fimbriae and capsules
Bacteria - Found in every habitat on earth, prokaryotic, cell walls have peptidoglycan and
described by shape (coccus, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
Protists - A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.
,Fungi - Eukaryotic, lives by decomposing and absorbing nutrients. Not photosynthetic and
has cell wall made of chitin
Helminths - multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes
ex: Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
Viruses - Acellular, consists of proteins and genetic material (dna/rna) never both
Bacterial Structures "prokaryotic" - Nucleoid, ribosomes, endospores, plasma membrane,
cell wall, peptidoglycan, flagella, fimbriae, pilli
Nucleoid of Bacteria - central area in a prokaryotic cell that contains genetic information,
not surrounded by a membrane
Ribosomes of Bacteria - site of protein synthesis. 70S composed of two subunits (30S
small and 50S large and are composed of protein and rRNA components
Endospores of bacteria - form around DNA when stressed, protect until conditions are
good
Plasma membrane in bacteria - phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that defines
the boundary of the cell
, Cell wall of bacteria - made of peptidoglycan and help maintain shape and withstand
changes in osmotic pressure
Peptidoglycan of bacteria - is part of the cell wall.
is made of sugars and proteins.
Flagella of bacteria - acts as a propeller to move the cell. Stiff, rotating structure.
Fimbriae of bacteria - hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to surfaces
Pili of bacteria - Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer
DNA
Chemotaxis - Directional movt from a call in response to chemical attraction
Phototaxis - movement in response to light using flagella
Bacterium "runs" - Movt of bacteria counterclockwise flagellar rotation
Bacteria "tumbles" - Random movt of bacterial cell by clockwise flagellar rotation
