TCAR module 3 The body's response to injury Exam Questions and Verified Answers
2026/27 Graded A+
there are only two ways to drop H and H levels, what are they? - 1. dilute the blood with
IV fluids
2. fluid compartment shift
if a patient bleeds out quickly what will their hemoglobin level be? Low, normal, or high? -
normal!
shock is a state in which.... - cellular metabolic oxygen demand exceeds supply
tissue oxygenation cascade -
when a patient is hypovolemic, one way to compensate for the decrease in intravascular fluid is
to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys. which two processes occur to achieve this? -
ADH release from the posterior pituitary gland to the kidneys, and RAAS
The role of inflammation in traumatic shock is complex and incompletely understood.
However, inflammatory mediators both hyperstimulate and suppress immune function.
Although inflammatory responses are present shortly after injury, they are chiefly important in
the post-resuscitative period, where they influence SIRS and impact healing. -
Ventilation is the initial step in the tissue oxygenation cascade. But getting oxygen into the lungs
isn't enough. It must diffuse through the alveoli to the capillaries. Diffusion isn't helpful unless
, there's adequate hemoglobin available to pick up the oxygen once it's passed through the alveoli.
And hemoglobin does no good unless there's sufficient cardiac output to send oxygenated red
cells to where they need to go. The final step in the tissue oxygenation cascade-and the only one
that counts in the end-is tissue oxygen utilization. Can the cells both get and use the delivered
oxygen? - ventilation --- diffusion--- hemoglobin availability ----- cardiac output ----
tissue oxygen utilization
pulmonary contusions can cause... - damage to the capillaries and alveoli which can cause
issues with diffusion and there for.... oxygenation
which parameter do we use to measure a patients ventilation status?
saturation / SpO2
arterial oxygen / PaO2
carbon dioxide/ PaCo2, EtCO2 - carbon dioxide
can a patient be well oxygenation without being adequately ventilated and vice versa? -
yes
can be well oxygenated without being well ventilated- ex. patient breathing 8 times a minute,
shallow respirations. but the patient is receiving O2 via facemask.
can be well ventilated without being well oxygenation. ex- patient with a PE breathing 30 times a
minute. he is ventilating sufficiently, but not oxygenation due to poor lung perfusion
2026/27 Graded A+
there are only two ways to drop H and H levels, what are they? - 1. dilute the blood with
IV fluids
2. fluid compartment shift
if a patient bleeds out quickly what will their hemoglobin level be? Low, normal, or high? -
normal!
shock is a state in which.... - cellular metabolic oxygen demand exceeds supply
tissue oxygenation cascade -
when a patient is hypovolemic, one way to compensate for the decrease in intravascular fluid is
to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys. which two processes occur to achieve this? -
ADH release from the posterior pituitary gland to the kidneys, and RAAS
The role of inflammation in traumatic shock is complex and incompletely understood.
However, inflammatory mediators both hyperstimulate and suppress immune function.
Although inflammatory responses are present shortly after injury, they are chiefly important in
the post-resuscitative period, where they influence SIRS and impact healing. -
Ventilation is the initial step in the tissue oxygenation cascade. But getting oxygen into the lungs
isn't enough. It must diffuse through the alveoli to the capillaries. Diffusion isn't helpful unless
, there's adequate hemoglobin available to pick up the oxygen once it's passed through the alveoli.
And hemoglobin does no good unless there's sufficient cardiac output to send oxygenated red
cells to where they need to go. The final step in the tissue oxygenation cascade-and the only one
that counts in the end-is tissue oxygen utilization. Can the cells both get and use the delivered
oxygen? - ventilation --- diffusion--- hemoglobin availability ----- cardiac output ----
tissue oxygen utilization
pulmonary contusions can cause... - damage to the capillaries and alveoli which can cause
issues with diffusion and there for.... oxygenation
which parameter do we use to measure a patients ventilation status?
saturation / SpO2
arterial oxygen / PaO2
carbon dioxide/ PaCo2, EtCO2 - carbon dioxide
can a patient be well oxygenation without being adequately ventilated and vice versa? -
yes
can be well oxygenated without being well ventilated- ex. patient breathing 8 times a minute,
shallow respirations. but the patient is receiving O2 via facemask.
can be well ventilated without being well oxygenation. ex- patient with a PE breathing 30 times a
minute. he is ventilating sufficiently, but not oxygenation due to poor lung perfusion
