SSM TCAR Exam Questions and Verified Answers 2026/27 Graded A+
What are the definitive options for pelvic fracture stabilization and hemorrhage control? -
External Fixation
Interventional Radiology
Open reduction & Internal fixation
How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? - Intramedullary nail fixation
What makes a fracture comminuted? - The bone is in multiple pieces
Physiologic criteria for trauma center care? - SBP<90
Resp rate <10 or >29
GCS <14
What is Kinematics? - The process of predicting potential injuries based on analysis of the
forces involved
Dose of energy is? - The nature and amount of force
Characteristic of wounding agent? - Type of energy and how it was applied
Force - The dose of energy involved
,Which gender is the majority of trauma? - Male
Incidence of trauma peaks at what age? - Teens and young adult
Blunt trauma Classifications include? - MVA
Auto vs. pedestrian
Falls
Struck by or against an object
Trauma mortality based on organ system failure? - 1 organ system failure=4%
2 organ system failures=32%
3 organ system failures=67%
4 organ system failures=90%
What are the four collisions? - 1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? - Deceleration distance
Energy is dissipated over the distance of the roll and whether or not the occupants are restrained
,Car vs pedestrian injuries depend on? - Point of contact with the care
Height of hood & bumper
Size & weight of vehicle
Height of patient
Direction patient was facing when struck
What is the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups? - Falls
Factors predicting fall injuries are? - Fall height (velocity)
Landing surface (deceleration distance)
Point of impact on the body
Wound ballistics- permanent cavity - Cavity is the a function of the size, shape, and
characteristic of the missile (mass)
For every second of fall time, speed increases by? - Speed increases by approximately 20
MPH
Define Shock? - A state in which cellular oxygen demand exceeds supply
When the cost of tissue oxygen is higher than the body can pay, an oxygen debt develops.
, Types of shock per TCAR? - Pumps-Site of defect heart
Pipes- site of defect is artery, veins or capillaries
Fluid-intravascular, interstitial or intracellular
VS in shock? - Narrow pulse pressure
Tachycardia
Low CO
How many ATP molecules are produced with oxygen & glucose? - 32 ATP molecules
How many ATP molecules are produced without oxygen? - 2 ATP molecules
Normal pH? - Refernce range is 7.35-7.45, but actual normal range is 7.38-7.42
What is the footprint of shock? - Lactic Acidosis
What 2 things affect the amount of oxygen availalbe to the cells? - Temperature & pH,
which is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift to the right? - Acidosis, elevated temp
More oxygen available to the cells
What are the definitive options for pelvic fracture stabilization and hemorrhage control? -
External Fixation
Interventional Radiology
Open reduction & Internal fixation
How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? - Intramedullary nail fixation
What makes a fracture comminuted? - The bone is in multiple pieces
Physiologic criteria for trauma center care? - SBP<90
Resp rate <10 or >29
GCS <14
What is Kinematics? - The process of predicting potential injuries based on analysis of the
forces involved
Dose of energy is? - The nature and amount of force
Characteristic of wounding agent? - Type of energy and how it was applied
Force - The dose of energy involved
,Which gender is the majority of trauma? - Male
Incidence of trauma peaks at what age? - Teens and young adult
Blunt trauma Classifications include? - MVA
Auto vs. pedestrian
Falls
Struck by or against an object
Trauma mortality based on organ system failure? - 1 organ system failure=4%
2 organ system failures=32%
3 organ system failures=67%
4 organ system failures=90%
What are the four collisions? - 1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? - Deceleration distance
Energy is dissipated over the distance of the roll and whether or not the occupants are restrained
,Car vs pedestrian injuries depend on? - Point of contact with the care
Height of hood & bumper
Size & weight of vehicle
Height of patient
Direction patient was facing when struck
What is the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups? - Falls
Factors predicting fall injuries are? - Fall height (velocity)
Landing surface (deceleration distance)
Point of impact on the body
Wound ballistics- permanent cavity - Cavity is the a function of the size, shape, and
characteristic of the missile (mass)
For every second of fall time, speed increases by? - Speed increases by approximately 20
MPH
Define Shock? - A state in which cellular oxygen demand exceeds supply
When the cost of tissue oxygen is higher than the body can pay, an oxygen debt develops.
, Types of shock per TCAR? - Pumps-Site of defect heart
Pipes- site of defect is artery, veins or capillaries
Fluid-intravascular, interstitial or intracellular
VS in shock? - Narrow pulse pressure
Tachycardia
Low CO
How many ATP molecules are produced with oxygen & glucose? - 32 ATP molecules
How many ATP molecules are produced without oxygen? - 2 ATP molecules
Normal pH? - Refernce range is 7.35-7.45, but actual normal range is 7.38-7.42
What is the footprint of shock? - Lactic Acidosis
What 2 things affect the amount of oxygen availalbe to the cells? - Temperature & pH,
which is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift to the right? - Acidosis, elevated temp
More oxygen available to the cells
