SEPSIS UROSEPSIS UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● What does shock affect?
Answer: All body systems.
●● How quickly can shock develop?
Answer: Shock may develop rapidly or slowly.
●● Who is at risk for developing shock?
Answer: Any patient with any disease state may be at risk for developing
shock.
●● What physiologic responses are common to all types of shock?
Answer: Hypoperfusion of tissues, hypermetabolism, and activation of
the inflammatory response.
●● What 3 things are needed for good tissue perfusion?
Answer: Pump, vasculature, and volume.
●● What is the pump needed for tissue perfusion?
Answer: The heart.
,●● What is the vasculature needed for tissue perfusion?
Answer: Blood vessels that transport and distribute blood.
●● What is the volume needed for tissue perfusion?
Answer: Adequate intravascular circulating volume.
●● What happens to cellular metabolism during shock?
Answer: Cells shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
●● What does anaerobic metabolism produce?
Answer: Lactic acid.
●● What does lactic acid cause?
Answer: Cell damage.
●● What happens to the vasculature during shock?
Answer: Inflammation causes vasodilation and the vasculature becomes
disrupted.
●● What happens to the sodium-potassium pump during shock?
Answer: The sodium-potassium pump becomes impaired.
,●● What happens to glycogen during shock?
Answer: Stress causes depletion of glycogen.
●● What can occur from severe cellular stress?
Answer: Cell death and activation of the clotting cascade.
●● What vascular mediators are involved in shock?
Answer: Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory biochemical
mediators.
●● What happens to blood vessels during capillary leak syndrome?
Answer: Fluid leaks from the vessels into the interstitial space.
●● What is capillary leak syndrome?
Answer: A condition in which fluid leaks into the interstitial space
because of increased vascular permeability.
●● What mechanisms regulate blood pressure?
Answer: Mean arterial blood pressure, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors,
and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
●● What are the 4 stages of shock?
, Answer: Initial, compensatory, progressive, and irreversible.
●● What occurs during the initial stage of shock?
Answer: Aerobic metabolism changes to anaerobic metabolism and
cellular changes occur that are not visible to the eye.
●● What characterizes the compensatory stage of shock?
Answer: BP remains within normal limits and cardiac output remains
adequate.
●● What type of response occurs during the compensatory stage?
Answer: A fight-or-flight response.
●● What happens to heart rate during the compensatory stage?
Answer: Heart rate increases.
●● What happens to blood vessels during the compensatory stage?
Answer: Vasoconstriction occurs.
●● Why does vasoconstriction occur during compensation?
Answer: To maintain blood pressure and compensate for low stroke
volume.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● What does shock affect?
Answer: All body systems.
●● How quickly can shock develop?
Answer: Shock may develop rapidly or slowly.
●● Who is at risk for developing shock?
Answer: Any patient with any disease state may be at risk for developing
shock.
●● What physiologic responses are common to all types of shock?
Answer: Hypoperfusion of tissues, hypermetabolism, and activation of
the inflammatory response.
●● What 3 things are needed for good tissue perfusion?
Answer: Pump, vasculature, and volume.
●● What is the pump needed for tissue perfusion?
Answer: The heart.
,●● What is the vasculature needed for tissue perfusion?
Answer: Blood vessels that transport and distribute blood.
●● What is the volume needed for tissue perfusion?
Answer: Adequate intravascular circulating volume.
●● What happens to cellular metabolism during shock?
Answer: Cells shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
●● What does anaerobic metabolism produce?
Answer: Lactic acid.
●● What does lactic acid cause?
Answer: Cell damage.
●● What happens to the vasculature during shock?
Answer: Inflammation causes vasodilation and the vasculature becomes
disrupted.
●● What happens to the sodium-potassium pump during shock?
Answer: The sodium-potassium pump becomes impaired.
,●● What happens to glycogen during shock?
Answer: Stress causes depletion of glycogen.
●● What can occur from severe cellular stress?
Answer: Cell death and activation of the clotting cascade.
●● What vascular mediators are involved in shock?
Answer: Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory biochemical
mediators.
●● What happens to blood vessels during capillary leak syndrome?
Answer: Fluid leaks from the vessels into the interstitial space.
●● What is capillary leak syndrome?
Answer: A condition in which fluid leaks into the interstitial space
because of increased vascular permeability.
●● What mechanisms regulate blood pressure?
Answer: Mean arterial blood pressure, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors,
and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
●● What are the 4 stages of shock?
, Answer: Initial, compensatory, progressive, and irreversible.
●● What occurs during the initial stage of shock?
Answer: Aerobic metabolism changes to anaerobic metabolism and
cellular changes occur that are not visible to the eye.
●● What characterizes the compensatory stage of shock?
Answer: BP remains within normal limits and cardiac output remains
adequate.
●● What type of response occurs during the compensatory stage?
Answer: A fight-or-flight response.
●● What happens to heart rate during the compensatory stage?
Answer: Heart rate increases.
●● What happens to blood vessels during the compensatory stage?
Answer: Vasoconstriction occurs.
●● Why does vasoconstriction occur during compensation?
Answer: To maintain blood pressure and compensate for low stroke
volume.
