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Define the body movement involved in retraction and protrusion.
Retraction: Movement of a structure to be drawn in the
posterior direction (drawn backward).
Protraction: Movement of a structure to be drawn in the
anterior direction (drawn forward).
What is the study of the structure of the human body?
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Anabolism
• Catabolism
• Metabolism
Answer: Anatomy
Epithelium is an example of what level of organization in the human body?
Chemical
Organ
Cellular
Tissue
Organ system
Answer: Tissue
List the four basic types of tissues.
Answer: Epithelium, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue
True or False: Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular
energy expenditure.
Answer: False
True or False: Ribosomes synthesize lipids. If false, make the statement true.
Answer: False. Ribosomes are tiny manufacturing plants that
assemble proteins.
You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of
eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone,
which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active
rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
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Answer: Smaller cell; larger surface area relative to volume enables
faster metabolic processes.
True or False: Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from
another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the
cell proteins.
Answer: True
Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions, and
purposes.
Parietal cells: Located in the wall of the stomach body, they secrete
hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. The acidic environment (pH
of 1.3-3.5) helps kill ingested bacteria, stops the activity of salivary
amylase, and activates pepsin.
Chief cells: Located at the base of the gastric pits in the stomach,
they secrete pepsinogen (an inactive enzyme). Hydrochloric acid
converts pepsinogen to pepsin, which begins the breakdown of
proteins.
Each of the following statements is true of prokaryotic cells, except:
• Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells.
• DNA of a prokaryotic cell is enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
• Prokaryotic cells contain plasma membranes and ribosomes.
• Prokaryotic cells do not contain lysosomes and Golgi apparatus.
Answer: DNA of a prokaryotic cell is enclosed in a nuclear
membrane. (Incorrect, as prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear
membrane)
True or False: Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring
biomacromolecules inside the cell.
Answer: False
True or False: Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell
membrane.
Answer: True
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9. Fill in the blank: ______ is the diffusion of relatively larger lipid-insoluble
(polar) molecules through the cell membrane with the assistance of integral
carrier proteins.
Answer: Facilitated Diffusion
Which of the following is NOT true concerning a cell wall?
Cell walls are found mainly in plants and bacteria
Bacteria and plants contain multiple layers of cellulose fibers
Cell walls act as protection for bacteria
Bacterial cell walls contain peptidogylcan structures
Answer: Bacteria and plants contain multiple layers of cellulose
fibers
True or False:
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
Answer: True
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP.
Answer: True
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell
membrane.
Answer: False (Integral proteins span the entire membrane,
while peripheral proteins are found on the inner or outer surface)
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules
from the cell.
Answer: False (This process is called exocytosis)
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to
the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins.
Answer: False (This process is called receptor-mediated
endocytosis)
True or False: The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP.
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Define the body movement involved in retraction and protrusion.
Retraction: Movement of a structure to be drawn in the
posterior direction (drawn backward).
Protraction: Movement of a structure to be drawn in the
anterior direction (drawn forward).
What is the study of the structure of the human body?
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Anabolism
• Catabolism
• Metabolism
Answer: Anatomy
Epithelium is an example of what level of organization in the human body?
Chemical
Organ
Cellular
Tissue
Organ system
Answer: Tissue
List the four basic types of tissues.
Answer: Epithelium, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue
True or False: Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular
energy expenditure.
Answer: False
True or False: Ribosomes synthesize lipids. If false, make the statement true.
Answer: False. Ribosomes are tiny manufacturing plants that
assemble proteins.
You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of
eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone,
which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active
rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
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Answer: Smaller cell; larger surface area relative to volume enables
faster metabolic processes.
True or False: Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from
another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the
cell proteins.
Answer: True
Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions, and
purposes.
Parietal cells: Located in the wall of the stomach body, they secrete
hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. The acidic environment (pH
of 1.3-3.5) helps kill ingested bacteria, stops the activity of salivary
amylase, and activates pepsin.
Chief cells: Located at the base of the gastric pits in the stomach,
they secrete pepsinogen (an inactive enzyme). Hydrochloric acid
converts pepsinogen to pepsin, which begins the breakdown of
proteins.
Each of the following statements is true of prokaryotic cells, except:
• Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells.
• DNA of a prokaryotic cell is enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
• Prokaryotic cells contain plasma membranes and ribosomes.
• Prokaryotic cells do not contain lysosomes and Golgi apparatus.
Answer: DNA of a prokaryotic cell is enclosed in a nuclear
membrane. (Incorrect, as prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear
membrane)
True or False: Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring
biomacromolecules inside the cell.
Answer: False
True or False: Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell
membrane.
Answer: True
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9. Fill in the blank: ______ is the diffusion of relatively larger lipid-insoluble
(polar) molecules through the cell membrane with the assistance of integral
carrier proteins.
Answer: Facilitated Diffusion
Which of the following is NOT true concerning a cell wall?
Cell walls are found mainly in plants and bacteria
Bacteria and plants contain multiple layers of cellulose fibers
Cell walls act as protection for bacteria
Bacterial cell walls contain peptidogylcan structures
Answer: Bacteria and plants contain multiple layers of cellulose
fibers
True or False:
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
Answer: True
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP.
Answer: True
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell
membrane.
Answer: False (Integral proteins span the entire membrane,
while peripheral proteins are found on the inner or outer surface)
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules
from the cell.
Answer: False (This process is called exocytosis)
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to
the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins.
Answer: False (This process is called receptor-mediated
endocytosis)
True or False: The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP.
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