Edapt Pathophysiology Questions Week 1-4 NR 507 Chamberlain
University-Illinois | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Question:
Characteristics of Systolic HF:
A. Heart failure with ejection fraction · 50%
B. Heart failure with ejection fraction · 40%
C. Pulmonary congestion without cardiomegaly on chest
X-ray
D. Pulmonary congestion with cardiomegaly on chest X-ray
E. Increased size of left ventricle
F. Decreased size of left ventricle
G. S3 gallop
H. S4 gallop
Answer:
B, D, E, G
Question:
In a primary care office, a nurse practitioner (NP) assesses a
client who reports taking a new medication 30 minutes before
arrival. The NP is concerned that the client may be having a
hypersensitivity reaction. Which clinical manifestations
should the NP expect Hypertension Wheezing Bradycardia
Diaphoresis Urticaria Vomiting
Answer:
Urticaria, wheezing, vomiting, and diaphoresis Immediate
hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies, which result in
an allergy, anaphylaxis, or atopic disease. The NP should
expect the client to have a type 1 hypersensitivity to recent
medication use, which can include these immediate reactions
as clinical manifestations: urticaria, wheezing, vomiting, and
diaphoresis. Hypertension and bradycardia are not associated
with immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
,Question:
____________ are the primary effector cells and responsible
for initiating and mediating _____________ hypersensitivity.
Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Mast cells, or T-cells Type 1, 2, 3,
or 4
Answer:
Mast cells are the primary effector cells and responsible for
initiating and mediating type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
Characterized by the rapid release of proinflammatory
mediators like histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines in
response to allergen exposure, mast cells are the primary
effector cells responsible for initiating and mediating type 1
hypersensitivity reactions.
Question:
____________ hypersensitivity reactions involve the
formation of _____________ that can deposit in tissues,
leading to complement activation, inflammation, and tissue
destruction. Type 1, 2, 3, or 4 IgE, IgM, IgG, immune
complexes
Answer:
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of
immune complexes that can deposit in tissues, leading to
complement activation, inflammation, and tissue destruction.
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of
immune complexes that can deposit in tissues, leading to
complement activation and inflammation. This process can
cause tissue damage and is associated with systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) and serum sickness. Type 1 reactions
are mediated by IgE antibodies, and type 2 are mediated by
IgG or IgM antibodies. Type 4 reactions are activated by
T-helper cells.
,Question:
Highlight the finding(s) the nurse practitioner (NP) recognizes
as risk factors that may contribute to the client's new
diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Select all that apply. Camille
Rutherford, 45-years-old Chief Complaint: red, dry, itchy skin
on arms and legs, shortness of breath, wheezing, and cough
Medical History: presents with a nonproductive cough,
expiratory wheezing, and shortness of breath upon exertion;
reports a gradual onset of these symptoms and mentioned that
they have been progressively worsening when walking their
dog outside Past Medical History: eczema, hypertension
Social History: lives at home with daughter and their dog
Answer:
cough, wheezing, SOB, gradual onset, outside, eczema, dog
Allergic rhinitis attacks are related to ongoing exposure to
specific offending agents. The strongest risk factor for
developing asthma is a history of atopic disease (the client has
eczema, a form of atopic dermatitis). Environmental factors
and allergens·such as high humidity, cold, dry weather, house
dust mites, pet fur, and pollen·can place a client at risk for a new
diagnosis of allergic asthma. With prior exposure to allergens,
Camille was sensitized. Chronic exposure to allergens
mediated IgE antibodies to attach to sensitized cells, and with
further exposure, IgE caused sensitized cells to degranulate.
When degranulation occurs, inflammatory mediators like
histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins are released to
produce several effects on the body, such as shortness of
breath and wheezing. Constriction of bronchial smooth
muscle also occurs, which explains her respiratory symptoms:
shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. The NP can
diagnose the client with a type I hypersensitivity reaction
based on localized and systemic symptoms. The client's age
and history of hypertension are not risk factors.
, Question:
A 25-year-old presents to the emergency department (ED)
with symptoms of ongoing weight loss, rapid heart rate,
bilateral neck swelling, and hand tremors. Family medical
history reveals a history of thyroid disorders. Physical
examination and laboratory tests confirm the diagnosis of
Graves' disease. Which mechanism below best explains the
pathophysiology of Graves' disease?
A. Delayed-type hypersensitivity response in the thyroid
gland
B. Activation of complement proteins leading to tissue
damage
C. Production of autoantibodies targeting the thyroid-
stimulating hormone receptor
D. Formation of immune complexes in the thyroid tissue
Answer:
C. Graves' disease is an example of a type 2 hypersensitivity
reaction in which the immune system produces
autoantibodies, particularly IgG antibodies, that bind to and
stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor on
thyroid follicular cells. This leads to excessive thyroid
hormone production, hyperthyroidism, and the characteristic
symptoms observed in the client. Cytotoxic antibodies target
specific cell surface antigens (in this case, the TSH receptor),
resulting in cellular dysfunction rather than cell destruction.
Question:
Pathophysiological processes of a type 3 immune complex
hypersensitivity into the correct order.
Answer:
1. Antibodies bind to antigens
2. Immune complexes form
3. Complexes deposit in blood vessels or tissues
University-Illinois | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Question:
Characteristics of Systolic HF:
A. Heart failure with ejection fraction · 50%
B. Heart failure with ejection fraction · 40%
C. Pulmonary congestion without cardiomegaly on chest
X-ray
D. Pulmonary congestion with cardiomegaly on chest X-ray
E. Increased size of left ventricle
F. Decreased size of left ventricle
G. S3 gallop
H. S4 gallop
Answer:
B, D, E, G
Question:
In a primary care office, a nurse practitioner (NP) assesses a
client who reports taking a new medication 30 minutes before
arrival. The NP is concerned that the client may be having a
hypersensitivity reaction. Which clinical manifestations
should the NP expect Hypertension Wheezing Bradycardia
Diaphoresis Urticaria Vomiting
Answer:
Urticaria, wheezing, vomiting, and diaphoresis Immediate
hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies, which result in
an allergy, anaphylaxis, or atopic disease. The NP should
expect the client to have a type 1 hypersensitivity to recent
medication use, which can include these immediate reactions
as clinical manifestations: urticaria, wheezing, vomiting, and
diaphoresis. Hypertension and bradycardia are not associated
with immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
,Question:
____________ are the primary effector cells and responsible
for initiating and mediating _____________ hypersensitivity.
Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Mast cells, or T-cells Type 1, 2, 3,
or 4
Answer:
Mast cells are the primary effector cells and responsible for
initiating and mediating type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
Characterized by the rapid release of proinflammatory
mediators like histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines in
response to allergen exposure, mast cells are the primary
effector cells responsible for initiating and mediating type 1
hypersensitivity reactions.
Question:
____________ hypersensitivity reactions involve the
formation of _____________ that can deposit in tissues,
leading to complement activation, inflammation, and tissue
destruction. Type 1, 2, 3, or 4 IgE, IgM, IgG, immune
complexes
Answer:
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of
immune complexes that can deposit in tissues, leading to
complement activation, inflammation, and tissue destruction.
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of
immune complexes that can deposit in tissues, leading to
complement activation and inflammation. This process can
cause tissue damage and is associated with systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) and serum sickness. Type 1 reactions
are mediated by IgE antibodies, and type 2 are mediated by
IgG or IgM antibodies. Type 4 reactions are activated by
T-helper cells.
,Question:
Highlight the finding(s) the nurse practitioner (NP) recognizes
as risk factors that may contribute to the client's new
diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Select all that apply. Camille
Rutherford, 45-years-old Chief Complaint: red, dry, itchy skin
on arms and legs, shortness of breath, wheezing, and cough
Medical History: presents with a nonproductive cough,
expiratory wheezing, and shortness of breath upon exertion;
reports a gradual onset of these symptoms and mentioned that
they have been progressively worsening when walking their
dog outside Past Medical History: eczema, hypertension
Social History: lives at home with daughter and their dog
Answer:
cough, wheezing, SOB, gradual onset, outside, eczema, dog
Allergic rhinitis attacks are related to ongoing exposure to
specific offending agents. The strongest risk factor for
developing asthma is a history of atopic disease (the client has
eczema, a form of atopic dermatitis). Environmental factors
and allergens·such as high humidity, cold, dry weather, house
dust mites, pet fur, and pollen·can place a client at risk for a new
diagnosis of allergic asthma. With prior exposure to allergens,
Camille was sensitized. Chronic exposure to allergens
mediated IgE antibodies to attach to sensitized cells, and with
further exposure, IgE caused sensitized cells to degranulate.
When degranulation occurs, inflammatory mediators like
histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins are released to
produce several effects on the body, such as shortness of
breath and wheezing. Constriction of bronchial smooth
muscle also occurs, which explains her respiratory symptoms:
shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. The NP can
diagnose the client with a type I hypersensitivity reaction
based on localized and systemic symptoms. The client's age
and history of hypertension are not risk factors.
, Question:
A 25-year-old presents to the emergency department (ED)
with symptoms of ongoing weight loss, rapid heart rate,
bilateral neck swelling, and hand tremors. Family medical
history reveals a history of thyroid disorders. Physical
examination and laboratory tests confirm the diagnosis of
Graves' disease. Which mechanism below best explains the
pathophysiology of Graves' disease?
A. Delayed-type hypersensitivity response in the thyroid
gland
B. Activation of complement proteins leading to tissue
damage
C. Production of autoantibodies targeting the thyroid-
stimulating hormone receptor
D. Formation of immune complexes in the thyroid tissue
Answer:
C. Graves' disease is an example of a type 2 hypersensitivity
reaction in which the immune system produces
autoantibodies, particularly IgG antibodies, that bind to and
stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor on
thyroid follicular cells. This leads to excessive thyroid
hormone production, hyperthyroidism, and the characteristic
symptoms observed in the client. Cytotoxic antibodies target
specific cell surface antigens (in this case, the TSH receptor),
resulting in cellular dysfunction rather than cell destruction.
Question:
Pathophysiological processes of a type 3 immune complex
hypersensitivity into the correct order.
Answer:
1. Antibodies bind to antigens
2. Immune complexes form
3. Complexes deposit in blood vessels or tissues
