HUBS 1406 Exam Prep | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Question:
A critically ill patient in hospital who requires fluid
replacement is given a large infusion of hypertonic saline by
mistake. What would be the likely result of this?
Answer:
Hypertonic saline would cause water to move out of the
patient's cells into the blood, resulting in cell shrinkage. If this
occurred in the brain, then brain function would be
compromised.
Question:
A menopausal woman who eats a well-balanced diet with
adequate vitamins and minerals is showing signs of mild
osteoporosis. Which of the following changes is likely to be
the most beneficial in terms of reversing this?
Answer:
An exercise regime of daily walking/jogging, to increase
stress on the bones
Question:
A patient has suffered central nervous system damage after a
car accident. This could mean that there was direct damage to:
Answer:
the brain and/or the spinal cord
Question:
Anxiety disorders are becoming increasingly common in our
society, and may also be helping to increase the incidence of a
number of other illnesses such as heart disease, infections and
cancer. What is the most likely link between anxiety and these
other diseases?
, Answer:
An anxious state of mind results in an increase in the release
of the stress hormone cortisol. This hormone also suppresses
immune function, leaving an individual more vulnerable to
infections and cancers.
Question:
Body fluids such as blood and intracellular fluid have their pH
strictly controlled. There are some body fluids, however, that
are acidic. In which of the following locations would you
expect to find strongly acidic fluids and what would the
purpose be ?
Answer:
the stomach, to destroy incoming organisms
Question:
If a person does some very intense exercise, what is likely to
happen to the acidity of their blood?
Answer:
The pH will go down slightly, meaning the fluids are more
acidic
Question:
Patricia is suffering from emphysema which is limiting gas
transfer in her lungs. Her arterial oxygen is low and her
arterial carbon dioxide is high. However, the acidity of her
arterial blood is still within normal limits. What is Patricia's
body doing to keep the pH within normal limits?
Answer:
Patricia's kidneys will be excreting more acid to compensate
for the high arterial carbon dioxide level.
, Question:
People who suffer from asthma attacks are sometimes taught
to breathe out through a small tube while they are having an
attack. What good would this do?
Answer:
The narrow tube would cause the air pressure inside the
airways to increase, preventing the collapse of small airways
during expiration.
Question:
Premature babies may deveop great difficulty breathing
immediately after birth, and have to make huge efforts to
breathe - a condition known as infant respiratory distress
syndrome. If this occurred, they would be given a particular
drug via a breathing tube. What would this drug do?
Answer:
It would reduce the surface tension in the alveoli of the lungs,
allowing the babies to inflate their lungs more easily
Question:
Soft bones (osteomalacia) and rickets can be a problem in
people who keep their entire skin surface covered most of the
time, for example, muslim women who wear a burka. Why
would this be?
Answer:
Bones rely on their calcium content to make them hard, and
calcium absorption into the body is dependent on the active
form of vitamin D. Vitamin D is converted to an active form
by the action of sunlight on the skin. If the skin does not get
any sunlight on it, then this process will not occur, and bones
will become soft.
Answers
Question:
A critically ill patient in hospital who requires fluid
replacement is given a large infusion of hypertonic saline by
mistake. What would be the likely result of this?
Answer:
Hypertonic saline would cause water to move out of the
patient's cells into the blood, resulting in cell shrinkage. If this
occurred in the brain, then brain function would be
compromised.
Question:
A menopausal woman who eats a well-balanced diet with
adequate vitamins and minerals is showing signs of mild
osteoporosis. Which of the following changes is likely to be
the most beneficial in terms of reversing this?
Answer:
An exercise regime of daily walking/jogging, to increase
stress on the bones
Question:
A patient has suffered central nervous system damage after a
car accident. This could mean that there was direct damage to:
Answer:
the brain and/or the spinal cord
Question:
Anxiety disorders are becoming increasingly common in our
society, and may also be helping to increase the incidence of a
number of other illnesses such as heart disease, infections and
cancer. What is the most likely link between anxiety and these
other diseases?
, Answer:
An anxious state of mind results in an increase in the release
of the stress hormone cortisol. This hormone also suppresses
immune function, leaving an individual more vulnerable to
infections and cancers.
Question:
Body fluids such as blood and intracellular fluid have their pH
strictly controlled. There are some body fluids, however, that
are acidic. In which of the following locations would you
expect to find strongly acidic fluids and what would the
purpose be ?
Answer:
the stomach, to destroy incoming organisms
Question:
If a person does some very intense exercise, what is likely to
happen to the acidity of their blood?
Answer:
The pH will go down slightly, meaning the fluids are more
acidic
Question:
Patricia is suffering from emphysema which is limiting gas
transfer in her lungs. Her arterial oxygen is low and her
arterial carbon dioxide is high. However, the acidity of her
arterial blood is still within normal limits. What is Patricia's
body doing to keep the pH within normal limits?
Answer:
Patricia's kidneys will be excreting more acid to compensate
for the high arterial carbon dioxide level.
, Question:
People who suffer from asthma attacks are sometimes taught
to breathe out through a small tube while they are having an
attack. What good would this do?
Answer:
The narrow tube would cause the air pressure inside the
airways to increase, preventing the collapse of small airways
during expiration.
Question:
Premature babies may deveop great difficulty breathing
immediately after birth, and have to make huge efforts to
breathe - a condition known as infant respiratory distress
syndrome. If this occurred, they would be given a particular
drug via a breathing tube. What would this drug do?
Answer:
It would reduce the surface tension in the alveoli of the lungs,
allowing the babies to inflate their lungs more easily
Question:
Soft bones (osteomalacia) and rickets can be a problem in
people who keep their entire skin surface covered most of the
time, for example, muslim women who wear a burka. Why
would this be?
Answer:
Bones rely on their calcium content to make them hard, and
calcium absorption into the body is dependent on the active
form of vitamin D. Vitamin D is converted to an active form
by the action of sunlight on the skin. If the skin does not get
any sunlight on it, then this process will not occur, and bones
will become soft.
