Biology 1081 UC: Exam 1 Material Questions And Answers All Correct.

7 Defining Characteristics of Life - correct answers Cellular Organization, Ordered Complexity, Sensitivity, Growth/Reproduction/Development, Homeostasis, Evolutionary Adaptation, Energy Utilization Cellular Organization - correct answers All living organisms consist of one or more cells that carry out basic activities of living and are bound by a membrane Ordered Complexity - correct answers All living organisms are complex and highly ordered molecular structures Sensitivity - correct answers All living organisms respond to stimuli: ie; pupil sensitivity to light Growth, Reproduction, and Development - correct answers All living organisms grow and possess hereditary molecules passed to offspring Homeostasis - correct answers All living organisms maintain constant internal conditions that differ from their environment Evolutionary Adaptation - correct answers All living organisms interact with other organisms and their nonliving environment Energy Utilization - correct answers All living organisms take in energy to perform various types of work The Cellular Level - correct answers Atoms- Molecules- Organelles- Cells [AMOC] The Organismal Level - correct answers Tissues- Organs - Organ Systems [TOOs] The Populational Level - correct answers Population- Species - Biological Community [PSBc] The Ecosystem Level - correct answers The ecosystem The Biosphere - correct answers Entire planet Deductive Reasoning - correct answers Using a general piece of information to create a specific statement Natural Selection - correct answers Survival of the fittest: those better equipped to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce Artificial Selection - correct answers Typically human preference of favorable characteristics to reproduce: breeding certain animals or planting seeds from more appetizing vegetables Homologous - correct answers Has the same evolutionary origin but different in structure a function Analogous - correct answers Has similar function but different evolutionary orgin Phylogenetic Tree - correct answers The pattern of descent Cell Theory - correct answers All living Organisms have cells Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - correct answers Where the information that specifies what a cell is that has a cable-like structure of 2 long chains of building blocks (nucleotides) Nucleotides - correct answers 4 types that make up DNA: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine Genome - correct answers All of an organism's genetic material/ entire set of DNA Prokaryotes - correct answers Single-called organisms: Bacteria and Archaea Inductive Reasoning - correct answers Using a specific piece of information to create a general statement Eukaryotes - correct answers Multi-cellular organisms that are complex and organized. Made up of 4 Kingdoms: Plantae (cell walls-cellulose, photosynthesis) Fungi (cell walls- chitin, absorbs products) Animal is (no cell walls- digests internally) Protista (endosymbiosis) Matter - correct answers Any object that takes up space and has mass Atoms - correct answers All matter is made up of a central nucleus and orbiting electrons Nucleus - correct answers Where the protons and beauteous are Atomic Number - correct answers The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Element - correct answers A pure substance made of only one kind of atom Mass - correct answers Weight - correct answers The force gravity inflicts on a substance Cations - correct answers Positively charged ions (loses/gives an electron) Anions - correct answers Negatively charged ions (gains/takes an electron) Isotopes - correct answers Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons Atoms that are reduced - correct answers Atoms that gain electrons are reduced (GER) but they are oxidizing Atoms that are oxidized - correct answers Atoms that lose electrons are oxidized (LEO) but reducing Valence electrons - correct answers Electrons on the outermost ring/orbital Majority of the body is made up of ____ bonds or _____ compounds - correct answers Carbon bonds or Organic compounds Molecule - correct answers A group of atoms bonded together Compound - correct answers A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds Ionic bonds - correct answers Bonds between atoms that form by transferring electrons (atoms with opposite charges attract) Covalent Bonds - correct answers Bonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms. Electronegativity - correct answers The attraction/affinity of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond. Nonpolar Covalent Bond - correct answers A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared EQUALLY by the two atoms (typically the same element ie; O2) Polar Covalent Bond - correct answers A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared UNEQUALLY by the two atoms (different elements) Catalysts - correct answers Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction. Hydrogen bonds - correct answers The weak chemical associations between a partially positive hydrogen in one molecule and the partial negative element in another molecule Cohesive - correct answers Molecules are attracted to one another; in water, this causes surface tension Adhesive - correct answers Molecules of one polar substance are attracted to molecules of another polar substance Specific heat - correct answers The amount of energ