Final Uc Aba1 Complete Exam Questions With Well Elaborated Answers.

Interobserver Agreement (IOA) - correct answers The degree to which two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events Shaping - correct answers an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior operant stimulus control - correct answers A response occurs more frequently in the presence of a specific stimulus, but rarely occurs in the absence of the stimulus respondent stimulus control - correct answers Occurs when the rate, latency, duration, or amplitude of a response is altered in the presence of an antecedent stimulus. stimulus generalization - correct answers learning that occurs when stimuli that are similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus produce the conditioned response Reflexivity - correct answers A type of stimulus - to- stimulus relation in which the learner, without any prior training or reinforcement for doing so, selects a comparison stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus (A=A). Ex: demonstrated in the following matching - to - sample procedure: The sample stimulus is a picture of a tree, and the three comparison stimuli are a picture of a mouse, a picture of a cookie, and a duplicate of the tree picture used as a sample stimulus. The learner selects the picture of the tree without specific reinforcement in the past for making the tree-picture-to-tree-picture match. Transitivity - correct answers A derived (i.e., untrained) stimulus-stimulus relation (A=C, C=A) that emerges as a product of training two other stimulus-stimulus relations (A=B, B=C). Ex: transitivity would be demonstrated if, after training the two stimulus-stimulus relations shown in 1 and 2 below, the relation shown in 3 emerges without additional instruction or reinforcement: 1) If A=B 2) B=C then 3) C=A symmetry - correct answers A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relationship in which the learner, without prior training or reinforcement for doing so, demonstrates the reversibility of matched sample and compariosn stimuli (A=B, B=A). Ex: symmetry would be demonstrated in the following matching-to-sample procedure: The learner is taught, when presented with the spoken word CAR (sample stimulus A), to select a comparison picture of a car (comparison B). When presented with the picture of a car (sample stimulus B), without additional training or reinforcement, the learner selects the comparison spoken word CAR (comparison A). stimulus equivalence - correct answers The emergence of accurate responding to untrained and nonreinforced stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus relations. A positive demonstration of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity is necessary to meet the definition of equivalence. feature stimulus class - correct answers Stimuli that share common physical forms or structures or common relative relationships arbitrary stimulus class - correct answers Antecedent stimuli that evoke the same response but do not resemble each other in physical form or share a relational aspect such as bigger or under. Ex: peanuts, chicken, cheese, coconut milk are members of an arbitrary stimulus class if they evoke the response "sources of protein" How to Transfer Stimulus Control - correct answers Fade response and stimulus prompts abative effect - correct answers A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event evocative effect - correct answers an effect of both an MO and SD value altering effect - correct answers results in either increasing or decreasing the reinforcing effect of a stimulus behavior altering effect - correct answers An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation. Ex: The frequency of behavior that has been reinforced with food is increased or decreased by food deprivation or food ingestion. abolishing operation - correct answers A type of MO that results in a decrease in reinforcing effect of a stimulus establishing operation - correct answers A motivating operation that establishes (increases) the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer. unconditioned motivating operation (UMO) - correct answers A motivating operation whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history. For example, food deprivation increases the reinforcing effectiveness of food without the necessity of any learning history. reflexive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-R) - correct answers A motivating operation that alters a relation to itself (e.g., a stimulus that makes its own removal effective as reinforcement). It acquires its effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improvement. a MO which establishes the removal of itself as negatively reinforcing trend - correct answers The overall direction taken by a data path. It is described in terms of direction (increasing, decreasing, or zero trend) degree (gradual, steep), and the extent of variability of data points around the trend. Trend is used in predicting future measures of the behavior under unchanging conditions. variability - correct answers The frequency and extent to which multiple measures of behavior yield different outcomes mand - correct answers Asking for reinforcers that you want tact - correct answers Naming or identifying objects, events, actions, etc. echoic - correct answers An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response. Repeating what is heard