NUR631 / NUR 631 PRACTICE EXAM
(LATEST UPDATE) EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+ - GCU
1. A patient with chronic hypertension exhibits left ventricular enlargement. Which cellular
adaptation process is primarily responsible for this change?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells, resulting in an
increase in the size of the organ. In cardiac muscle, which consists of permanent cells that
do not divide, the response to increased workload (hypertension) is hypertrophy, not
hyperplasia.
2. Which process describes the programmed cell death that occurs without eliciting an
inflammatory response?
A. Autophagy
,B. Necrosis
C. Apoptosis
D. Infarction
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Apoptosis is a pathway of cell death that is induced by a tightly
regulated intracellular program. Unlike necrosis, it does not involve the leakage of cellular
contents, thereby avoiding an inflammatory response.
3. A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with a tumor that is secreting excessive levels of
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). Which electrolyte imbalance should the clinician expect?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: PTH increases serum calcium levels by stimulating bone
resorption, increasing renal calcium reabsorption, and activating Vitamin D to increase
intestinal calcium absorption.
, 4. In the context of the acid-base balance, how does the body compensate for metabolic
acidosis?
A. Hyperventilation to blow off CO2
B. Hypoventilation to retain CO2
C. Decreased renal bicarbonate reabsorption
D. Increased renal hydrogen ion retention
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: To compensate for metabolic acidosis (low pH and low HCO3-),
the respiratory system increases the rate and depth of breathing (Kussmaul respirations)
to decrease PaCO2, which helps raise the pH.
5. A patient presents with widespread edema. Which mechanism most likely contributes to
this condition in a patient with liver failure?
A. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
C. Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
D. Lymphatic obstruction
Answer: B
(LATEST UPDATE) EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+ - GCU
1. A patient with chronic hypertension exhibits left ventricular enlargement. Which cellular
adaptation process is primarily responsible for this change?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells, resulting in an
increase in the size of the organ. In cardiac muscle, which consists of permanent cells that
do not divide, the response to increased workload (hypertension) is hypertrophy, not
hyperplasia.
2. Which process describes the programmed cell death that occurs without eliciting an
inflammatory response?
A. Autophagy
,B. Necrosis
C. Apoptosis
D. Infarction
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Apoptosis is a pathway of cell death that is induced by a tightly
regulated intracellular program. Unlike necrosis, it does not involve the leakage of cellular
contents, thereby avoiding an inflammatory response.
3. A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with a tumor that is secreting excessive levels of
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). Which electrolyte imbalance should the clinician expect?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: PTH increases serum calcium levels by stimulating bone
resorption, increasing renal calcium reabsorption, and activating Vitamin D to increase
intestinal calcium absorption.
, 4. In the context of the acid-base balance, how does the body compensate for metabolic
acidosis?
A. Hyperventilation to blow off CO2
B. Hypoventilation to retain CO2
C. Decreased renal bicarbonate reabsorption
D. Increased renal hydrogen ion retention
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: To compensate for metabolic acidosis (low pH and low HCO3-),
the respiratory system increases the rate and depth of breathing (Kussmaul respirations)
to decrease PaCO2, which helps raise the pH.
5. A patient presents with widespread edema. Which mechanism most likely contributes to
this condition in a patient with liver failure?
A. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
C. Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
D. Lymphatic obstruction
Answer: B
