UC ABA 1 Final Exam Questions And Answers Well Elaborated.

Collecting data and information by watching clients for a specific amount of time and recording what did/did not occur (3 kinds) - correct answers What is Time Sampling? Record whether something occurred or did not occur at any point during the interval. Allows for estimated frequencies/durations of the behavior and gives the observer an idea of when behavior is occurring during a typical interval BUT it requires the observer's full attention. - correct answers Partial-Interval Recording record whether something occurred during the entire interval. Allows for estimated frequencies/duration of behavior BUT requires observer's full attention. - correct answers Whole-Interval Recording record what did/did not occur at the very end of the interval. Allows for observer to track multiple behaviors, do other things BUT data could be much less accurate. - correct answers Momentary Time Sampling using rewards and punishments for behavior, learner begins to associate behavior and a consequence (negative or positive) - correct answers Operant Conditioning Used to increase/maintain behavior. Add preferred or pleasant stimulus to increase/maintain behavior - correct answers Positive Reinforcement Used to increase/maintain behavior. Remove aversive or unpleasant stimulus to increase/maintain behavior - correct answers Negative Reinforcement Used to decrease behavior. ADDING aversive or unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior - correct answers Positive Punishment Used to decrease behavior. remove preferred or pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior - correct answers Negative Punishment A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced (can sometimes be a request or instruction) - correct answers Discriminative Stimuli (SD) · A group of stimuli that share one or more dimensions of formal, functional, temporal properties. Formal = physical Temporal = when they occur w/ respect to a response Functional = effect on behavior - correct answers Stimulus Class increase the current effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcement. - correct answers Establishing Operation (EO) decrease the current effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcement - correct answers Abolishing Operation (AO) Rate of response Response requirement Reinforcer delay or immediacy Intensity Competing contingencies - correct answers Factors that impact effectiveness of reinforcement and punishment: Making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency; "First, then..." - correct answers Premack Principle Restricting access to a behavior acts as a form of deprivation that serves as an EO making the opportunity to engage on restricted behavior a more effective reinforcer - correct answers Response Deprivation Hypothesis reinforcement occurs after the behavior is displayed a certain amount of times - correct answers Fixed-Ratio Reinforcement reinforcement occurs after a fixed amount of time has passed - correct answers Fixed-Interval Reinforcement Implementing reinforcement only for behaviors that we want to increase, and removing reinforcement (extinction) for behaviors targeted for decrease - correct answers Differential Reinforcement Used for behaviors that are acceptable or appropriate in small doses, the behavior itself is not the problem, it's the frequency or duration (ex. raising hands in a classroom is appropriate, but not every single time a question is asked) - correct answers Differential Reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) Decreasing the time from 1 behavior to the next, used for behavior that needs to be displayed at high rates such as task completion or taking bites of food - correct answers Differential Reinforcement of high rates of behavior (DRH) ANY other behavior, does not have to correlate directly - correct answers Differential Reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) Reinforcement of replacement behaviors for maladaptive/problematic behavior - correct answers Differential Reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) Reinforcement of behaviors that cannot be done at the same time (ex. biting nails and clapping hands) - correct answers Differential Reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)