JB LEARNING: EMT FINAL EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED 2026/2027
1. Which of the following is the most definitive sign of a tension pneumothorax?
A. Tracheal deviation (late sign)
B. Jugular venous distention
C. Bilateral wheezing
D. Narrowing pulse pressure
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: While JVD and narrowing pulse pressure are signs of tension
pneumothorax, tracheal deviation is a late but definitive hallmark, though it is often not
seen until the condition is critical.
2. A 65-year-old male presents with sudden onset of tearing chest pain radiating to the back.
He has a history of hypertension. What should you suspect?
A. Acute Myocardial Infarction
B. Aortic Dissection
C. Pulmonary Embolism
D. Angina Pectoris
,Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A tearing or ripping sensation radiating to the back is a classic
presentation of a thoracic aortic dissection, especially in patients with chronic
hypertension.
3. What is the primary physiological effect of Nitroglycerin when administered to a patient
with chest pain?
A. Vasoconstriction of the peripheral arteries
B. Increasing the heart rate to improve output
C. Vasodilation of the coronary arteries and systemic veins
D. Decreasing the conduction speed of the SA node
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscle,
leading to dilation of coronary arteries and systemic veins, which reduces preload and
cardiac workload.
4. Which of the following describes the ‘Golden Hour’ in trauma care?
A. The first hour after an injury occurs when surgical intervention is most effective
B. The time it takes to transport a patient from the scene to the hospital
C. The amount of time the EMT has to spend on scene stabilizing the patient
D. The time from arrival at the hospital to the start of surgery
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Golden Hour refers to the critical first hour from the time of
injury to definitive surgical care, which significantly impacts survival rates.
5. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for two-rescuer infant CPR?
A. 30:2
B. 3:1
C. 5:1
D. 15:2
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For two-rescuer infant and child CPR, the ratio changes from
30:2 to 15:2 to provide more frequent ventilations.
6. A patient presents with pinpoint pupils, bradycardia, and shallow respirations. Which
toxidrome does this suggest?
A. Sympathomimetic
B. Anticholinergic
C. Opioid overdose
D. Cholinergic crisis
Answer: C
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED 2026/2027
1. Which of the following is the most definitive sign of a tension pneumothorax?
A. Tracheal deviation (late sign)
B. Jugular venous distention
C. Bilateral wheezing
D. Narrowing pulse pressure
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: While JVD and narrowing pulse pressure are signs of tension
pneumothorax, tracheal deviation is a late but definitive hallmark, though it is often not
seen until the condition is critical.
2. A 65-year-old male presents with sudden onset of tearing chest pain radiating to the back.
He has a history of hypertension. What should you suspect?
A. Acute Myocardial Infarction
B. Aortic Dissection
C. Pulmonary Embolism
D. Angina Pectoris
,Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A tearing or ripping sensation radiating to the back is a classic
presentation of a thoracic aortic dissection, especially in patients with chronic
hypertension.
3. What is the primary physiological effect of Nitroglycerin when administered to a patient
with chest pain?
A. Vasoconstriction of the peripheral arteries
B. Increasing the heart rate to improve output
C. Vasodilation of the coronary arteries and systemic veins
D. Decreasing the conduction speed of the SA node
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscle,
leading to dilation of coronary arteries and systemic veins, which reduces preload and
cardiac workload.
4. Which of the following describes the ‘Golden Hour’ in trauma care?
A. The first hour after an injury occurs when surgical intervention is most effective
B. The time it takes to transport a patient from the scene to the hospital
C. The amount of time the EMT has to spend on scene stabilizing the patient
D. The time from arrival at the hospital to the start of surgery
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Golden Hour refers to the critical first hour from the time of
injury to definitive surgical care, which significantly impacts survival rates.
5. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for two-rescuer infant CPR?
A. 30:2
B. 3:1
C. 5:1
D. 15:2
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For two-rescuer infant and child CPR, the ratio changes from
30:2 to 15:2 to provide more frequent ventilations.
6. A patient presents with pinpoint pupils, bradycardia, and shallow respirations. Which
toxidrome does this suggest?
A. Sympathomimetic
B. Anticholinergic
C. Opioid overdose
D. Cholinergic crisis
Answer: C
