Introduction to
Computer Science -
D684 Exam
Comprehensive
Questions and
Verified Answers
(Detailed &
Elaborated) Actual
Exam 2026
What is the Procedural Programming
Paradigm?
1
,A paradigm where programs are
structured as step-by-step instructions
or procedures to perform tasks,
focusing on how to do things.
What are key concepts of Procedural
Programming?
Functions, procedures, control
structures (if, loops), top-down design,
global/local variables.
What languages use Procedural
Programming?
C, BASIC, Pascal, Fortran, Python,
JavaScript.
What is the Object-Oriented
Programming (OOP) Paradigm?
A paradigm where code is organized
into objects that combine data and
behavior, modeling real-world entities.
What are key concepts of Object-
Oriented Programming?
2
,Classes, objects, inheritance,
encapsulation, polymorphism,
abstraction.
What languages use Object-Oriented
Programming?
Java, C++, Python, C#, Ruby, Swift,
Smalltalk.
What is the Declarative Programming
Paradigm?
A paradigm where you describe what
you want to achieve, not how to do it;
focuses on expressions and outcomes.
What are key concepts of Declarative
Programming?
Immutability, higher-order functions,
expressions over statements,
abstraction.
What languages use Declarative
Programming?
3
, SQL, HTML, CSS, Haskell, Prolog,
XAML, JavaScript (React, JSX).
Declarative Programming Paradigm -
Functional model
A declarative paradigm treating
computation as the evaluation of pure
functions with no side effects and
immutable data.
A way to write programs where
functions do not affect the outside
world, and you work with data that
never changes, making the code
easier to debug and test.
Declarative Programming Paradigm -
Logic model
A declarative paradigm where
programs consist of facts and rules,
and computation is done by logical
inference.
4
Computer Science -
D684 Exam
Comprehensive
Questions and
Verified Answers
(Detailed &
Elaborated) Actual
Exam 2026
What is the Procedural Programming
Paradigm?
1
,A paradigm where programs are
structured as step-by-step instructions
or procedures to perform tasks,
focusing on how to do things.
What are key concepts of Procedural
Programming?
Functions, procedures, control
structures (if, loops), top-down design,
global/local variables.
What languages use Procedural
Programming?
C, BASIC, Pascal, Fortran, Python,
JavaScript.
What is the Object-Oriented
Programming (OOP) Paradigm?
A paradigm where code is organized
into objects that combine data and
behavior, modeling real-world entities.
What are key concepts of Object-
Oriented Programming?
2
,Classes, objects, inheritance,
encapsulation, polymorphism,
abstraction.
What languages use Object-Oriented
Programming?
Java, C++, Python, C#, Ruby, Swift,
Smalltalk.
What is the Declarative Programming
Paradigm?
A paradigm where you describe what
you want to achieve, not how to do it;
focuses on expressions and outcomes.
What are key concepts of Declarative
Programming?
Immutability, higher-order functions,
expressions over statements,
abstraction.
What languages use Declarative
Programming?
3
, SQL, HTML, CSS, Haskell, Prolog,
XAML, JavaScript (React, JSX).
Declarative Programming Paradigm -
Functional model
A declarative paradigm treating
computation as the evaluation of pure
functions with no side effects and
immutable data.
A way to write programs where
functions do not affect the outside
world, and you work with data that
never changes, making the code
easier to debug and test.
Declarative Programming Paradigm -
Logic model
A declarative paradigm where
programs consist of facts and rules,
and computation is done by logical
inference.
4
