TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
lm lm lm lm
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
lm Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
lm lm lm lm lm lm
2026-2027 lm
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
lm lm lm
MULTIPLE CHOICE lm
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
a. Cells can produce proteins. lm c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
lm lm lm lm l m lm lm lm
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
lm
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 2 lm
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome l m l m
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C lm
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 2 lm
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
lm p eroxide (H2O2) by using
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
reaction?
lm
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes l m
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B lm
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
production.
lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 8 lm
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
cell injury?
lm lm
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lm lm
b. Golgi complex lm d. Lysosomes
l m
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D lm
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
options do not correctly describe this process.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PGs 7-8 lm
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
lm pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the cell membrane.
lm lm lm
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the cell membrane.
lm lm lm
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
membrane.
lm
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
membrane.
lm
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A lm
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 7 | Figure 1-5
lm lm lm lm
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M l m
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B lm
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
(G = gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 37 lm
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
acting as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
enzymes to drive active pumps?
lm lm lm lm lm
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates l m
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C lm
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
channels for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
this process.
lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 13 | PG 15 lm lm lm lm
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
which human diseases?
lm lm lm
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders lm lm lm
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders lm lm lm
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders lm lm lm
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders lm lm lm
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B lm
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
for designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
many human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
disorders. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: lm lm PG 15 lm
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
plasma
lm lm
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains lm c. Membrane channel proteins lm lm
b. Glycoprotein channels lm d. Lipid bilayer
l m lm
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D lm
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
(molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
(O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
not correctly describe this process.
lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PGs 12-13 lm
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
lm lm lm lm
a. How a cell membrane functions
lm lm lm lm
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
lm lm lm lm lm lm
c. How tissue is differentiated
lm lm lm
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A lm
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes,
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
their
lm
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
options do not explain the mosaic model.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
lm lm lm lm
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
lm Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
lm lm lm lm lm lm
2026-2027 lm
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
lm lm lm
MULTIPLE CHOICE lm
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
a. Cells can produce proteins. lm c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
lm lm lm lm l m lm lm lm
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
lm
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 2 lm
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome l m l m
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C lm
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 2 lm
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
lm p eroxide (H2O2) by using
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
reaction?
lm
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes l m
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B lm
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
production.
lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 8 lm
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
cell injury?
lm lm
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lm lm
b. Golgi complex lm d. Lysosomes
l m
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D lm
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
options do not correctly describe this process.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PGs 7-8 lm
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
lm pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the cell membrane.
lm lm lm
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the cell membrane.
lm lm lm
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
membrane.
lm
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
membrane.
lm
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A lm
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 7 | Figure 1-5
lm lm lm lm
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M l m
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B lm
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
(G = gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 37 lm
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
acting as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
enzymes to drive active pumps?
lm lm lm lm lm
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates l m
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C lm
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
channels for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
this process.
lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PG 13 | PG 15 lm lm lm lm
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
which human diseases?
lm lm lm
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders lm lm lm
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders lm lm lm
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders lm lm lm
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders lm lm lm
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B lm
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
for designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
many human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
disorders. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: lm lm PG 15 lm
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
plasma
lm lm
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains lm c. Membrane channel proteins lm lm
b. Glycoprotein channels lm d. Lipid bilayer
l m lm
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D lm
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
(molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
(O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
not correctly describe this process.
lm lm lm lm lm
PTS: l m l m 1 REF: l m PGs 12-13 lm
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
lm lm lm lm
a. How a cell membrane functions
lm lm lm lm
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
lm lm lm lm lm lm
c. How tissue is differentiated
lm lm lm
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A lm
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes,
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
their
lm
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
options do not explain the mosaic model.
lm lm lm lm lm lm lm
