NAPLEX Diabetes Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Chronic hyperglycemia leads to -
Answer: organ and nerve damage
Question 2: What is the function of insulin?
Answer: moves glucose into muscle cells or liver (glycogen)
Question 3: What is the function of glucagon?
Answer: releases glucose from glycogen
Question 4: Where is glucagon produced?
Answer: alpha cells of pancreas
Question 5: Where is insulin produced?
Answer: beta cells of pancreas
Question 6: What is the pathophysiology of type I diabetes?
Answer: autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas
Question 7: What does low C-peptide indicate?
Answer: very little endogenous insulin production - likely type I diabetes
Question 8: teplizumab
Answer: Tzield
Question 9: Tzield
Answer: teplizumab
Question 10: What is the indication for teplizumab?
Answer: delays progression of type I diabetes in those without overt hyperglycemia
Question 11: What is the pathophysiology of type II diabetes?
Answer: Insulin resistance that leads to beta cell exhaustion
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,Question 12: How is prediabetes treated?
Answer: metformin if BMI e35, <60yo, history of gestational diabetes
Question 13: What are the risks associated with gestational diabetes?
Answer: risk of macrosomia, obesity and DM in child
Question 14: How is gestational diabetes screened for?
Answer: OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks
Question 15: What are risk factors for developing diabetes?
Answer: inactivity, BMI e25 (23 if Asian), history of gestational diabetes, Aic e5.7, family history, HDL
<35, TG >250, HTN, smoking, PCOS
Question 16: What are symptoms of undiagnosed diabetes?
Answer: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, blurry vision, ED, fungal infections
Question 17: When should all patients be tested for diabetes?
Answer: annually starting age 35; children who are overweight and have one other risk factor annually
Question 18: What are the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
Answer: HbA1c e6.5, fasting BG e126, OGTT 2h BG e200; confirm with second positive test or clear
symptoms
Question 19: What are the diagnostic criteria for prediabetes?
Answer: HbA1c 5.7-6.4, fasting BG 100-126, OGTT 2h BG 140-199
Question 20: For those diagnosed with diabetes, what are the lab goals?
Answer: A1c <7, preprandial 80-130, 2h postprandial <180
Question 21: For those diagnosed with gestational diabetes, what are the lab goals?
Answer: preprandial d95, 1h postprandial <140, 2h postprandial <120
Question 22: How often should A1c and lab blood glucose be checked in diabetic patients?
Answer: q3mo if not at goal; q6mo if at goal
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, Question 23: How do you calculate estimated average glucose?
Answer: 126 = A1c 6 and add 28 for each percent increase in A1c
Question 24: What is a serving of carbohydrates?
Answer: 15g
Question 25: What are microvascular complications of diabetes?
Answer: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
Question 26: What are macrovascular complications of diabetes?
Answer: CAD, CVA, PAD, ASCVD
Question 27: When is aspirin recommended in diabetes?
Answer: only in pregnancy for preeclampsia
Question 28: How is lipid-lowering therapy managed in patients with diabetes?
Answer: everyone 40-75 on moderate intensity statin with LDL goal <70
Question 29: How often should diabetic patients have an eye exam?
Answer: at diagnosis and annually (can do q2yrs if no retinopathy)
Question 30: What vaccines should diabetic patients receive?
Answer: HepB, annual flu, PCV
Question 31: How is diabetic kidney disease diagnosed?
Answer: GFR <60 and/or albuminuria (e30mg/24h or UACr e30)
Question 32: How is diabetic kidney disease treated?
Answer: ACEi/ARB, SGLT2i, finerenone add-on
Question 33: How often should diabetic patients have a foot exam?
Answer: annually; self-exam daily - moisturize top and bottom and trim nails with file
Page 3
Question 1: Chronic hyperglycemia leads to -
Answer: organ and nerve damage
Question 2: What is the function of insulin?
Answer: moves glucose into muscle cells or liver (glycogen)
Question 3: What is the function of glucagon?
Answer: releases glucose from glycogen
Question 4: Where is glucagon produced?
Answer: alpha cells of pancreas
Question 5: Where is insulin produced?
Answer: beta cells of pancreas
Question 6: What is the pathophysiology of type I diabetes?
Answer: autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas
Question 7: What does low C-peptide indicate?
Answer: very little endogenous insulin production - likely type I diabetes
Question 8: teplizumab
Answer: Tzield
Question 9: Tzield
Answer: teplizumab
Question 10: What is the indication for teplizumab?
Answer: delays progression of type I diabetes in those without overt hyperglycemia
Question 11: What is the pathophysiology of type II diabetes?
Answer: Insulin resistance that leads to beta cell exhaustion
Page 1
,Question 12: How is prediabetes treated?
Answer: metformin if BMI e35, <60yo, history of gestational diabetes
Question 13: What are the risks associated with gestational diabetes?
Answer: risk of macrosomia, obesity and DM in child
Question 14: How is gestational diabetes screened for?
Answer: OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks
Question 15: What are risk factors for developing diabetes?
Answer: inactivity, BMI e25 (23 if Asian), history of gestational diabetes, Aic e5.7, family history, HDL
<35, TG >250, HTN, smoking, PCOS
Question 16: What are symptoms of undiagnosed diabetes?
Answer: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, blurry vision, ED, fungal infections
Question 17: When should all patients be tested for diabetes?
Answer: annually starting age 35; children who are overweight and have one other risk factor annually
Question 18: What are the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
Answer: HbA1c e6.5, fasting BG e126, OGTT 2h BG e200; confirm with second positive test or clear
symptoms
Question 19: What are the diagnostic criteria for prediabetes?
Answer: HbA1c 5.7-6.4, fasting BG 100-126, OGTT 2h BG 140-199
Question 20: For those diagnosed with diabetes, what are the lab goals?
Answer: A1c <7, preprandial 80-130, 2h postprandial <180
Question 21: For those diagnosed with gestational diabetes, what are the lab goals?
Answer: preprandial d95, 1h postprandial <140, 2h postprandial <120
Question 22: How often should A1c and lab blood glucose be checked in diabetic patients?
Answer: q3mo if not at goal; q6mo if at goal
Page 2
, Question 23: How do you calculate estimated average glucose?
Answer: 126 = A1c 6 and add 28 for each percent increase in A1c
Question 24: What is a serving of carbohydrates?
Answer: 15g
Question 25: What are microvascular complications of diabetes?
Answer: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
Question 26: What are macrovascular complications of diabetes?
Answer: CAD, CVA, PAD, ASCVD
Question 27: When is aspirin recommended in diabetes?
Answer: only in pregnancy for preeclampsia
Question 28: How is lipid-lowering therapy managed in patients with diabetes?
Answer: everyone 40-75 on moderate intensity statin with LDL goal <70
Question 29: How often should diabetic patients have an eye exam?
Answer: at diagnosis and annually (can do q2yrs if no retinopathy)
Question 30: What vaccines should diabetic patients receive?
Answer: HepB, annual flu, PCV
Question 31: How is diabetic kidney disease diagnosed?
Answer: GFR <60 and/or albuminuria (e30mg/24h or UACr e30)
Question 32: How is diabetic kidney disease treated?
Answer: ACEi/ARB, SGLT2i, finerenone add-on
Question 33: How often should diabetic patients have a foot exam?
Answer: annually; self-exam daily - moisturize top and bottom and trim nails with file
Page 3
