NAPLEX Infectious Diseases Part 1 Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)

NAPLEX Infectious Diseases Part 1 Questions with Correct Answers
(Grade A+)

Question 1: communicable

Answer: can be spread from person to person = contagious

Question 2: What are the most common pathogens for meningitis?

Answer: Strep pneumo, Neisseria meningitidis, H. flu, GBS, E. coli, Listeria

Question 3: What are the most common pathogens for URTI?

Answer: Strep pyogenes, Strep pneumo, H. flu, Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 4: What are the most common pathogens for endocarditis?

Answer: Staph aureus, Staph epi, strep, enterococci

Question 5: What are the most common pathogens for SSTI?

Answer: Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes, Staph epi, Pasturella multocida

Question 6: What are the most common pathogens for bone/joint infections?

Answer: Staph aureus, Staph epi, Strep, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 7: What are most common pathogens for UTI?

Answer: E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Staph saprophyticus, enterococcus

Question 8: What are the most common pathogens in the mouth?

Answer: Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, anaerobic GNR, viridans group strep

Question 9: What are the most common pathogens for CAP?

Answer: Strep pneumo, H. flu, atypicals, enteric GNR

Question 10: What are the most common pathogens in HAP?

Answer: Staph aureus, PSA, Acinetobacter, enteric GNR, Strep pneumo




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,Question 11: Antibiograms are used to determine -

Answer: empiric therapy

Question 12: What does a gram stain show?

Answer: the morphology of the pathogen (ex. gram positive cocci in pairs)

Question 13: gram positive

Answer: thick cell wall, stains purple/blue in crystal violet

Question 14: gram negative

Answer: thin cell wall, stains pink/red in safranin

Question 15: atypical pathogens

Answer: no cell wall, do not stain well

Question 16: gram positive cocci in clusters

Answer: staph species

Question 17: gram positive cocci in pairs and chains

Answer: strep, enterococci

Question 18: gram positive rods

Answer: Listeria, Corynebacterium

Question 19: gram positive anaerobes

Answer: Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, C. diff

Question 20: gram negative cocci

Answer: Neisseria

Question 21: gram negative rods

Answer: Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, PSA, H. flu, Providencia




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,Question 22: curved/spiral gram negative rods

Answer: H. pylori, Campylobacter, Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

Question 23: gram negative coccobacilli

Answer: Acinetobacter, Bordetella, Moraxella

Question 24: gram negative anaerobes

Answer: Bacteriodes fragilis, Prevotella

Question 25: coagulase negative staph

Answer: S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus

Question 26: Why are aminoglycosides used in gram positive infections?

Answer: synergy with beta lactams - BL penetrate cell wall so AMG can work intracellularly

Question 27: intrinsic antibiotic resistance

Answer: natural resistance (ex. vanc can't penetrate E. coli cell wall)

Question 28: selection pressure antibiotic resistance

Answer: antibiotic kills susceptible bacteria, leaving resistant ones to multiply

Question 29: antibiotic resistance due to enzyme inactivation

Answer: ex. beta lactamases, ESBLs, carbapenemases

Question 30: What are the ESKAPE pathogens?

Answer: E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumo, A. baumannii, PSA, E. faecalis/facieum - tend to be more antibiotic
resistant

Question 31: What causes C. diff infection?

Answer: all other GI flora are killed off

Question 32: Which antibiotic has a BBW for C. diff?

Answer: clindamycin




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, Question 33: Which 3 antibiotics inhibit folic acid synthesis?

Answer: sulfonamides, trimethoprim, dapsone

Question 34: Which antibiotics inhibit cell walls?

Answer: beta-lactams, aztreonam, vanc, dapto, tele/oritavancin

Question 35: Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?

Answer: aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, clindamycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin

Question 36: Which antibiotics inhibit the cell membrane?

Answer: polymyxins, dapto, tele/oritavancin

Question 37: Which antibiotics inhibit DNA/RNA?

Answer: fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, rifampin

Question 38: Which antibiotics are hydrophilic?

Answer: beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, dapto, polymyxins

Question 39: Which antibiotics are lipophilic?

Answer: fluoroquinolones, macrolides, rifampin, linezolid, tetracyclines

Question 40: Which antibiotics are concentration-dependent?

Answer: aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, daptomycin (want high peak and low trough)

Question 41: Which antibiotics are exposure-dependent?

Answer: vanc, macrolides, tetracyclines, polymyxins (AUC)

Question 42: Which antibiotics are time-dependent?

Answer: beta-lactams (time >MIC)

Question 43: beta-lactam MOA

Answer: inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins to prevent peptidoglycan
synthesis




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