Pathophysiology NUR 2063 Exam Study
Guide | 2026/2027 Complete Review
Physiology reactions in the body during "fight or flight" response? - correct
answer-Increased heart rate
Ventilation - correct answer-The transport of air from the atmosphere to the
lungs and out again.
Edema - correct answer-Caused by decreased plasma protein
Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism - correct answer-Tachycardia
What electrolytes are higher in ICF (Intracellular Fluid) - correct answer-Potassium
, Magnesium, Phosphates and Proteins
Steps of Laceration Correction - correct answer-Homeostasis, Vasospasm (blood
vessels narrow to decrease blood flow & increase BP), Platelet Plug Formation
(activation, aggression, and adherence of platelets into a plug that serves as a
barrier against blow flowing out of the vessels). Coagulation (clotting, changes
blood to gel.
,Homeostasis - correct answer-A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant
internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood
glucose, around a particular level
Appendicitis - correct answer-inflammation of the vermiform appendix,
obstruction arises inside of the appendix
clinical manifestations of Appendicitis - correct answer-Pain near umbilcus that
moves to LRQ= McBurney that increases 12-24 hours. Aggravated by movement
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) - correct answer-Erosive lesions affecting the lining of
the stomach or duodenum.
Clinical Manifestations of Peptic ulcer disease - correct answer-Adymptomatic,
epigastric or abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn, indigestion, chest
pain, N/V, fatigue, unexplained weight loss.
Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) - correct answer-Life threatening condition
resulting from COPD, Asthma, ARDS, ALS, Alcohol/drug overdose, spinal cord
injury.
Clinical Manifestations of Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) - correct answer-
Shallow respirations, headaches, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, lethargy, confusion,
oxygen levels drop below 50 and carbon dioxide become high above 50.
, pulmonary embolism (PE) - correct answer-Emboli=originate in venous
circulation, travels to the right side of heart the to pulmonary circulation creating
a pulmonary embolism.
Cystitis - correct answer-inflammation of the bladder
Pylonephritis - correct answer-infection of the kidneys
PTH (parathyroid hormone) - correct answer-Is secreted when calcium levels
DROP
Calcitonin - correct answer-Is secreted when calcium levels are HIGH
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Stages - correct answer-Prerenal, Intrarenal, Postrenal =
sudden loss of renal function over a period of days to weeks)
Prerenal - correct answer-Disrupt blood flow on it's way to the kidneys
Intrarenal - correct answer-direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins,
drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
Postrenal - correct answer-Interferes with the urine excretion
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Main. - correct answer-
Dyspnea, labored breathing, abnormal lung sounds, cough/frothy, hypoxia,
cyanosis, fever hypotension, tachycardia, restlessness, confusion, lethargy,
anxiety
Guide | 2026/2027 Complete Review
Physiology reactions in the body during "fight or flight" response? - correct
answer-Increased heart rate
Ventilation - correct answer-The transport of air from the atmosphere to the
lungs and out again.
Edema - correct answer-Caused by decreased plasma protein
Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism - correct answer-Tachycardia
What electrolytes are higher in ICF (Intracellular Fluid) - correct answer-Potassium
, Magnesium, Phosphates and Proteins
Steps of Laceration Correction - correct answer-Homeostasis, Vasospasm (blood
vessels narrow to decrease blood flow & increase BP), Platelet Plug Formation
(activation, aggression, and adherence of platelets into a plug that serves as a
barrier against blow flowing out of the vessels). Coagulation (clotting, changes
blood to gel.
,Homeostasis - correct answer-A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant
internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood
glucose, around a particular level
Appendicitis - correct answer-inflammation of the vermiform appendix,
obstruction arises inside of the appendix
clinical manifestations of Appendicitis - correct answer-Pain near umbilcus that
moves to LRQ= McBurney that increases 12-24 hours. Aggravated by movement
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) - correct answer-Erosive lesions affecting the lining of
the stomach or duodenum.
Clinical Manifestations of Peptic ulcer disease - correct answer-Adymptomatic,
epigastric or abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn, indigestion, chest
pain, N/V, fatigue, unexplained weight loss.
Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) - correct answer-Life threatening condition
resulting from COPD, Asthma, ARDS, ALS, Alcohol/drug overdose, spinal cord
injury.
Clinical Manifestations of Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) - correct answer-
Shallow respirations, headaches, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, lethargy, confusion,
oxygen levels drop below 50 and carbon dioxide become high above 50.
, pulmonary embolism (PE) - correct answer-Emboli=originate in venous
circulation, travels to the right side of heart the to pulmonary circulation creating
a pulmonary embolism.
Cystitis - correct answer-inflammation of the bladder
Pylonephritis - correct answer-infection of the kidneys
PTH (parathyroid hormone) - correct answer-Is secreted when calcium levels
DROP
Calcitonin - correct answer-Is secreted when calcium levels are HIGH
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Stages - correct answer-Prerenal, Intrarenal, Postrenal =
sudden loss of renal function over a period of days to weeks)
Prerenal - correct answer-Disrupt blood flow on it's way to the kidneys
Intrarenal - correct answer-direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins,
drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
Postrenal - correct answer-Interferes with the urine excretion
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Main. - correct answer-
Dyspnea, labored breathing, abnormal lung sounds, cough/frothy, hypoxia,
cyanosis, fever hypotension, tachycardia, restlessness, confusion, lethargy,
anxiety
