NUR 3805 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2026/2027
function of urinary system - Correct answer ✔✔ remove liquid waste from the blood in the form
of urine
keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood
produce erythropoietin, hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells
remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons
subjective data of urinary system - Correct answer ✔✔ past health history
medications
surgery or other treatments
functional health patterns (Eg. nutritional-metabolic pattern, elimination pattern, sexuality-
reproductive pattern)
normal voiding pattern - every 3 hours, smell/look
objective data or urinary system - inspection - Correct answer ✔✔ skin, mouth, face and
extremities, abdomen
weight, general state of health, look for edema, skin leaking
Obj data urinary system -palpation - Correct answer ✔✔ left kidney rarely palpable, right
kidney, bladder
obj data urinary system - percussion and auscultation - Correct answer ✔✔ percussion - kidney
punch, bladder
CVA tenderness is often a sign of kidney stones or pyelonephritis
auscultation - before you touch, bell at CVA, diaphragm for bowel sounds
,gerontologic considerations effects of aging on urinary system - Correct answer ✔✔ size and
weigh of kidneys decreases (20-30%)
loss of 30-50% glomerular function
decreased renal blood flow
decreased ability to concentrate urine
prostate enlargement in men
loss of muscular support and elasticity
drug toxicity increases
NSAIDS decrease renal blood flow
diagnostic studies of urinary system - Correct answer ✔✔ urinalysis, urine culture
collecting urine specimens: midstream, catheterization, 24 hour collection, collection from kids
and infants
blood chemistry: BUN, creatinine, electrolytes
bladder scan (can do without order)
cystoscopy
KUB
CT
biopsy
normal BUN and creatinine - Correct answer ✔✔ BUN: 7-20
creatinine 0.6-1.2
24 hour urine - Correct answer ✔✔ starts after they void for the first time, then start the clock
urine must always be on ice
color of urine - Correct answer ✔✔ straw colored - normal
, dark concentrated urine - dehydrated
red - macroscopic hematuria/rifampicin/porphyria/beetroot
brown - bile pigments/myoglobin/antimalarial
clarity of urine - Correct answer ✔✔ clear - normal
cloudy/debris - UTI
frothy - nephrotic syndrome
urine odor - Correct answer ✔✔ offensive urine - UTI
sweet - glycosuria
urinalysis - Correct answer ✔✔ color - normal-amber yellow
abnormal - dark, yellow/brown, olive green
odor - noral: aromatic
abnormal- ammonia/unpleasant
specific gravity - 1.003-1.030
casts
RBC's
glucose
dipstick urinalysis - Correct answer ✔✔ identify presence of nitrites, WBC;s and leukocyte
esterase
leukocyte esterase - enzyme produced by neutrophils (WBC in urine) - increase in UTI
nitrites - breakdown products caused by gram-neg organisms = UTI e.g. E. Coli
function of urinary system - Correct answer ✔✔ remove liquid waste from the blood in the form
of urine
keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood
produce erythropoietin, hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells
remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons
subjective data of urinary system - Correct answer ✔✔ past health history
medications
surgery or other treatments
functional health patterns (Eg. nutritional-metabolic pattern, elimination pattern, sexuality-
reproductive pattern)
normal voiding pattern - every 3 hours, smell/look
objective data or urinary system - inspection - Correct answer ✔✔ skin, mouth, face and
extremities, abdomen
weight, general state of health, look for edema, skin leaking
Obj data urinary system -palpation - Correct answer ✔✔ left kidney rarely palpable, right
kidney, bladder
obj data urinary system - percussion and auscultation - Correct answer ✔✔ percussion - kidney
punch, bladder
CVA tenderness is often a sign of kidney stones or pyelonephritis
auscultation - before you touch, bell at CVA, diaphragm for bowel sounds
,gerontologic considerations effects of aging on urinary system - Correct answer ✔✔ size and
weigh of kidneys decreases (20-30%)
loss of 30-50% glomerular function
decreased renal blood flow
decreased ability to concentrate urine
prostate enlargement in men
loss of muscular support and elasticity
drug toxicity increases
NSAIDS decrease renal blood flow
diagnostic studies of urinary system - Correct answer ✔✔ urinalysis, urine culture
collecting urine specimens: midstream, catheterization, 24 hour collection, collection from kids
and infants
blood chemistry: BUN, creatinine, electrolytes
bladder scan (can do without order)
cystoscopy
KUB
CT
biopsy
normal BUN and creatinine - Correct answer ✔✔ BUN: 7-20
creatinine 0.6-1.2
24 hour urine - Correct answer ✔✔ starts after they void for the first time, then start the clock
urine must always be on ice
color of urine - Correct answer ✔✔ straw colored - normal
, dark concentrated urine - dehydrated
red - macroscopic hematuria/rifampicin/porphyria/beetroot
brown - bile pigments/myoglobin/antimalarial
clarity of urine - Correct answer ✔✔ clear - normal
cloudy/debris - UTI
frothy - nephrotic syndrome
urine odor - Correct answer ✔✔ offensive urine - UTI
sweet - glycosuria
urinalysis - Correct answer ✔✔ color - normal-amber yellow
abnormal - dark, yellow/brown, olive green
odor - noral: aromatic
abnormal- ammonia/unpleasant
specific gravity - 1.003-1.030
casts
RBC's
glucose
dipstick urinalysis - Correct answer ✔✔ identify presence of nitrites, WBC;s and leukocyte
esterase
leukocyte esterase - enzyme produced by neutrophils (WBC in urine) - increase in UTI
nitrites - breakdown products caused by gram-neg organisms = UTI e.g. E. Coli
