ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NS 838 EXAM 2026/2027 |
150 HIGH-YIELD QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST
TEST PREP | RECENT & MOST TESTED TOPICS | A+
PREPARATION
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A. Cells can synthesize fats.
B. Cells can take in and use nutrients
C. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
D. Cells can produce proteins. - correct answer-B. Cells can take in and use nutrients
Where is most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosome
D. Nucleolus - correct answer-D. Nucleolus
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi complex
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosomes - correct answer-D. Lysosomes
Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
A. Secretion of cortisol
B. Breakdown of fat
C. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
D. Increased retention of water - correct answer-D. Increased retention of water
,Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial
lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
A. Anaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia - correct answer-D. Metaplasia
1. What does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia cause cells to do?
A. Shrink because of the influx of potassium chloride (KCl)
B. Swell because of the influx of nitric oxide (NO)
C. Shrink because of the influx of calcium (Ca)
D. Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl) - correct answer-D. Swell because of the
influx of sodium chloride (NaCl)
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of what hormonal
process?
A. Dysplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Anaplasia
D. Hyperplasia - correct answer-D. Hyperplasia
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?
A. Gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcer disease and Crohn disease
B. Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
C. Muscular disease such as muscular dystrophy and fibromyalgia
D. Renal diseases such as acute tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis - correct answer-B.
Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
1. How do free radicals cause cell damage?
A. Transferring one of its charged, stabilized atoms to the cell membrane, which causes lysis
, B. Stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the cell membranes
C. Stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus causing hypoxia
D. Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane - correct
answer-D. Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane
Why are infants most susceptible to significant losses in total body water?
A. High body surface-to-body size ratio
B. Slow metabolic rate
C. Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty
D. Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses - correct answer-D. Kidneys are not mature
enough to counter fluid losses
Why does obesity create a greater risk for dehydration in people?
A. The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.
B. The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than in lean adults.
C. The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
D. Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling. - correct answer-D. Adipose cells
contain little water because fat is water repelling
A patient's blood gases reveal the following findings: pH 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; carbon
dioxide (CO2) 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis - correct answer-A. Respiratory acidosis
Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF)
compartment is primarily a function of what?
A. Plasma oncotic pressure
B. Hydrostatic forces
C. Antidiuretic hormone
150 HIGH-YIELD QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST
TEST PREP | RECENT & MOST TESTED TOPICS | A+
PREPARATION
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A. Cells can synthesize fats.
B. Cells can take in and use nutrients
C. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
D. Cells can produce proteins. - correct answer-B. Cells can take in and use nutrients
Where is most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosome
D. Nucleolus - correct answer-D. Nucleolus
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi complex
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosomes - correct answer-D. Lysosomes
Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
A. Secretion of cortisol
B. Breakdown of fat
C. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
D. Increased retention of water - correct answer-D. Increased retention of water
,Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial
lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
A. Anaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia - correct answer-D. Metaplasia
1. What does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia cause cells to do?
A. Shrink because of the influx of potassium chloride (KCl)
B. Swell because of the influx of nitric oxide (NO)
C. Shrink because of the influx of calcium (Ca)
D. Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl) - correct answer-D. Swell because of the
influx of sodium chloride (NaCl)
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of what hormonal
process?
A. Dysplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Anaplasia
D. Hyperplasia - correct answer-D. Hyperplasia
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?
A. Gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcer disease and Crohn disease
B. Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
C. Muscular disease such as muscular dystrophy and fibromyalgia
D. Renal diseases such as acute tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis - correct answer-B.
Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
1. How do free radicals cause cell damage?
A. Transferring one of its charged, stabilized atoms to the cell membrane, which causes lysis
, B. Stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the cell membranes
C. Stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus causing hypoxia
D. Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane - correct
answer-D. Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane
Why are infants most susceptible to significant losses in total body water?
A. High body surface-to-body size ratio
B. Slow metabolic rate
C. Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty
D. Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses - correct answer-D. Kidneys are not mature
enough to counter fluid losses
Why does obesity create a greater risk for dehydration in people?
A. The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.
B. The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than in lean adults.
C. The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
D. Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling. - correct answer-D. Adipose cells
contain little water because fat is water repelling
A patient's blood gases reveal the following findings: pH 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; carbon
dioxide (CO2) 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis - correct answer-A. Respiratory acidosis
Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF)
compartment is primarily a function of what?
A. Plasma oncotic pressure
B. Hydrostatic forces
C. Antidiuretic hormone
