BIOLOGY 1201 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Paracrine signaling is when:
a. signal molecules pass through gap junctions to neighboring
cells
b. signal molecules pass through the bloodstream to other cells
c. signal molecules cause two separate cells to fuse
d. signal molecules pass from one cell to a nearby cell
e. all of the above
Answer: d. signal molecules pass from one cell to a nearby cell
◉ If something is "hormonal" or "endocrine" signalling, this
means:
a. the signalling molecule is hydrophobic
b. the signalling molecule binds to a cell surface receptor
c. the signalling molecule passes through the bloodstream
d. the signalling molecule is a small organic molecule
e. the signalling molecule is a protein or peptide
Answer: c. the signalling molecule passes through the
bloodstream
◉ In most signal transduction pathways, what actually passes
through the membrane?
,a. cyclic AMP
b. GTP
c. small peptides
d. transcription factors
e. nothing but information
Answer: e. nothing but information
◉ What are GPCRs ?
a. G-protein coupled receptors
b. transmembrane proteins
c. cell surface receptors
d. common drug binding targets
e. all of the above
Answer: e. all of the above
◉ The goal of most signal transduction pathways is:
a. to stimulate a hormone
b. to increase metabolism
c. to form tissues
d. to turn a gene on or off
e. to stimulate the immune system
Answer: d. to turn a gene on or off
, ◉ What is the first thing an RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) does
after binding a signaling molecule?
a. flip from one side of the membrane to the other
b. bind to a G-protein
c. form a dimer in the membrane
d. turn on a gene
e. release ATP
Answer: c. form a dimer in the membrane
◉ Some signaling molecules do not need to bind to a cell surface
receptor, they bind an internal protein and go all the way to the
nucleus themselves. These are almost always:
a. steroid hormones
b. hydrophobic
c. lipids
d. membrane permeable
e. all of the above
Answer: e. all of the above
◉ One of the following is NOT a secondary messenger, which one?
a. cyclic AMP
b. calcium
c. IP3 (inositol 3 phosphate)
d. insulin peptide
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Paracrine signaling is when:
a. signal molecules pass through gap junctions to neighboring
cells
b. signal molecules pass through the bloodstream to other cells
c. signal molecules cause two separate cells to fuse
d. signal molecules pass from one cell to a nearby cell
e. all of the above
Answer: d. signal molecules pass from one cell to a nearby cell
◉ If something is "hormonal" or "endocrine" signalling, this
means:
a. the signalling molecule is hydrophobic
b. the signalling molecule binds to a cell surface receptor
c. the signalling molecule passes through the bloodstream
d. the signalling molecule is a small organic molecule
e. the signalling molecule is a protein or peptide
Answer: c. the signalling molecule passes through the
bloodstream
◉ In most signal transduction pathways, what actually passes
through the membrane?
,a. cyclic AMP
b. GTP
c. small peptides
d. transcription factors
e. nothing but information
Answer: e. nothing but information
◉ What are GPCRs ?
a. G-protein coupled receptors
b. transmembrane proteins
c. cell surface receptors
d. common drug binding targets
e. all of the above
Answer: e. all of the above
◉ The goal of most signal transduction pathways is:
a. to stimulate a hormone
b. to increase metabolism
c. to form tissues
d. to turn a gene on or off
e. to stimulate the immune system
Answer: d. to turn a gene on or off
, ◉ What is the first thing an RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) does
after binding a signaling molecule?
a. flip from one side of the membrane to the other
b. bind to a G-protein
c. form a dimer in the membrane
d. turn on a gene
e. release ATP
Answer: c. form a dimer in the membrane
◉ Some signaling molecules do not need to bind to a cell surface
receptor, they bind an internal protein and go all the way to the
nucleus themselves. These are almost always:
a. steroid hormones
b. hydrophobic
c. lipids
d. membrane permeable
e. all of the above
Answer: e. all of the above
◉ One of the following is NOT a secondary messenger, which one?
a. cyclic AMP
b. calcium
c. IP3 (inositol 3 phosphate)
d. insulin peptide
