BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 2 | BIOLOGY STUDY
GUIDE, KEY CONCEPTS, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & EXAM PREP
Matter - correct answer Anything that takes up space and has mass
Elements - correct answer All matter, living or nonliving, is made up of this, substances
that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
Organic compound - correct answer Carbon based molecules, usually contain hydrogen
atoms and carbon
Hydrophillic meaning - correct answer water loving
Ex of organic compound - correct answer Carbon dioxide
Protons - correct answer Positively charged, found in nucleus, the number of protons is
the Atomic Number
Neutrons - correct answer Have no charge, found in nucleus,
Electrons - correct answer Negatively charged, move around nucleus
Atomic Number - correct answer The Number of Protons in the Nucleus
Atomic Mass - correct answer Number of Protons + the number of Neutrons
Isotopes - correct answer Atoms of the same element with different numbers of
neutrons
Molecules - correct answer Form when two or more of the same elements bond
together (example: O2)
Compounds - correct answer Form when two or more different elements bond together
(H2O)
Ionic Bonds - correct answer Electrons are transferred from one atom to another
(remember salt/NaCl)
Covalent Bonds - correct answer Atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom
has an octet of electrons in the outer orbital (remember H2O)
Polar Covalent Bonds - correct answer The sharing of electrons (for example, in water
between oxygen and each hydrogen) is unequal
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds - correct answer The sharing of electrons between two atoms
is equal
Electronegativity - correct answer The attraction of an atom for electrons in a covalent
bond
Hydrogen Bonding - correct answer Polarity within a water molecule causes the
hydrogen atoms in one molecule to be attracted to the oxygen atoms in other water
molecules
Hydrogen bonds - correct answer attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen and a
slightly negative oxygen atom. they are weak and used btw molecules
GUIDE, KEY CONCEPTS, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & EXAM PREP
Matter - correct answer Anything that takes up space and has mass
Elements - correct answer All matter, living or nonliving, is made up of this, substances
that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
Organic compound - correct answer Carbon based molecules, usually contain hydrogen
atoms and carbon
Hydrophillic meaning - correct answer water loving
Ex of organic compound - correct answer Carbon dioxide
Protons - correct answer Positively charged, found in nucleus, the number of protons is
the Atomic Number
Neutrons - correct answer Have no charge, found in nucleus,
Electrons - correct answer Negatively charged, move around nucleus
Atomic Number - correct answer The Number of Protons in the Nucleus
Atomic Mass - correct answer Number of Protons + the number of Neutrons
Isotopes - correct answer Atoms of the same element with different numbers of
neutrons
Molecules - correct answer Form when two or more of the same elements bond
together (example: O2)
Compounds - correct answer Form when two or more different elements bond together
(H2O)
Ionic Bonds - correct answer Electrons are transferred from one atom to another
(remember salt/NaCl)
Covalent Bonds - correct answer Atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom
has an octet of electrons in the outer orbital (remember H2O)
Polar Covalent Bonds - correct answer The sharing of electrons (for example, in water
between oxygen and each hydrogen) is unequal
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds - correct answer The sharing of electrons between two atoms
is equal
Electronegativity - correct answer The attraction of an atom for electrons in a covalent
bond
Hydrogen Bonding - correct answer Polarity within a water molecule causes the
hydrogen atoms in one molecule to be attracted to the oxygen atoms in other water
molecules
Hydrogen bonds - correct answer attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen and a
slightly negative oxygen atom. they are weak and used btw molecules
