UTK BIO 101 EXAM 1 JEREMY CHANDLER
BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE, HIGH-YIELD
PRACTICE QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & EXAM
PREP
chloroplast - correct answer an organelle in plant and algae cells that is the site of
photosynthesis
lysosomes - correct answer organelle filled with enzymes that can degrade worn-out
cellular structures
Gogli apparatus - correct answer organelle that packages proteins and prepares them
for transport
endoplasmic reticulum - correct answer network of membranes in eukaryotic cells
where proteins and lipids are synthesized
mitochondria - correct answer organelles responsible for energy-conversion reactions in
eukaryotes
nuclear envelope - correct answer the double membrane surrounding the nucleus of a
eukaryotic cell
active transport - correct answer process by which solutes are pumped from low to high
concentrations with the help of transport proteins
transport proteins - correct answer proteins involved in movement of molecules and ions
across membrane
simple diffusion - correct answer movement of small, uncharged solutes across a
membrane from high to low concentration (no energy required)
peptidoglycan - correct answer the macromolecule found in all bacterial cell walls that
confers rigidity
isotonic - correct answer equal concentration outside cell as in cytoplasm
hypertonic - correct answer higher concentration of solutes outside cell than in
cytoplasm (cells will shrivel)
, hypotonic - correct answer lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than in
cytoplasm (cells will swell)
osmosis - correct answer diffusion of water across a membrane from low to high
concentration
cell wall - correct answer a rigid structure present in some cells that encloses the cell
membrane and helps the cell maintain its integrity
nucleus - correct answer the organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic
material
ribosomes - correct answer a complex of RNA and proteins that carries out protein
synthesis in all cells
cytoplasm - correct answer the gelatinous, aqueous interior of all cells
cell membrane - correct answer a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that
forms the boundary of all cells
organelles - correct answer the membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells that
carry out specific functions
eukaryotic - correct answer Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
prokaryotic - correct answer cells that lack internal membrane-bound organelles
cell theory - correct answer the concept that all living organisms are made of cells and
that cells are formed by the reproduction of existing cells
prions - correct answer a protein-only infectious agent
virus - correct answer an infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses
genetic information
bases - correct answer a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution
acids - correct answer a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution
pH - correct answer the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution
BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE, HIGH-YIELD
PRACTICE QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & EXAM
PREP
chloroplast - correct answer an organelle in plant and algae cells that is the site of
photosynthesis
lysosomes - correct answer organelle filled with enzymes that can degrade worn-out
cellular structures
Gogli apparatus - correct answer organelle that packages proteins and prepares them
for transport
endoplasmic reticulum - correct answer network of membranes in eukaryotic cells
where proteins and lipids are synthesized
mitochondria - correct answer organelles responsible for energy-conversion reactions in
eukaryotes
nuclear envelope - correct answer the double membrane surrounding the nucleus of a
eukaryotic cell
active transport - correct answer process by which solutes are pumped from low to high
concentrations with the help of transport proteins
transport proteins - correct answer proteins involved in movement of molecules and ions
across membrane
simple diffusion - correct answer movement of small, uncharged solutes across a
membrane from high to low concentration (no energy required)
peptidoglycan - correct answer the macromolecule found in all bacterial cell walls that
confers rigidity
isotonic - correct answer equal concentration outside cell as in cytoplasm
hypertonic - correct answer higher concentration of solutes outside cell than in
cytoplasm (cells will shrivel)
, hypotonic - correct answer lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than in
cytoplasm (cells will swell)
osmosis - correct answer diffusion of water across a membrane from low to high
concentration
cell wall - correct answer a rigid structure present in some cells that encloses the cell
membrane and helps the cell maintain its integrity
nucleus - correct answer the organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic
material
ribosomes - correct answer a complex of RNA and proteins that carries out protein
synthesis in all cells
cytoplasm - correct answer the gelatinous, aqueous interior of all cells
cell membrane - correct answer a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that
forms the boundary of all cells
organelles - correct answer the membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells that
carry out specific functions
eukaryotic - correct answer Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
prokaryotic - correct answer cells that lack internal membrane-bound organelles
cell theory - correct answer the concept that all living organisms are made of cells and
that cells are formed by the reproduction of existing cells
prions - correct answer a protein-only infectious agent
virus - correct answer an infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses
genetic information
bases - correct answer a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution
acids - correct answer a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution
pH - correct answer the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution
