Science
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
ATest
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A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@
Environmental Science: A Global Concern 16th Edition
Chapter: 02
1) Which of the following is not a basic principle of science?
A) We can learn through observation.
B) Simpler explanations are preferable.
C) Nothing can be absolutely proven.
D) All of these choices are correct.
2) Which of the following does not apply to manipulative experiments?
A) Extraneous variables are held constant.
B) Most experiments are done in the laboratory.
C) They are useful for studying large scale geologic forces.
D) They can be affected by experimenter bias.
Environmental Science: A Global Concern 16th Edition Chapter:
3) In science, a theory is
A) speculative and unsupported by facts.
B) a tentative explanation, comparable to a hypothesis.
C) an explanation supported by a substantial body of evidence.
D) something that can never be proven wrong.
4) The process of science is characterized by all of the following except
A) that science attempts to keep explanations as simple as possible.
B) that science normally provides absolute proof.
C) that science attempts to be objective.
D) that science is inherently skeptical.
5) Scientific paradigms can be characterized by all of the following except
A) once agreed upon remain unchanged forever.
B) are broad patterns of thought that guide thinking.
C) influence how we interpret evidence.
D) determine which questions we understand to be relevant to issues at hand.
nScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
APage
Global
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480Test16th
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Science A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*
,Science
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
ATest
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by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLK
A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@
6) The process by which science works is useful to the general public as well as to scientists.
⊚ true
⊚ false
7) A person carefully gathering pieces of information to uncover a larger pattern is engaged in
A) inductive reasoning.
B) deductive reasoning.
8) Creating a generalization based on several observations is an example of
A) deductive reasoning.
B) inductive reasoning.
9) Which of the following is not an example of science?
A) gut instinct
B) testable hypotheses
C) manipulative experiments
D) observational studies
E) natural experiments
10) Statistical tests
A) provide us with raw numbers such as the number of people in a given city.
B) focus on determining the probability that observed phenomena occurred by chance.
C) are only used in science to influence political decision-making.
D) provide only fake numbers.
11) Manipulative experiments
A) are not useful to ecologists because they depend on the natural environment.
B) are most often conducted in a laboratory.
C) do not allow the scientist to control variables.
D) are not possible.
nScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
APage
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Science A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*
,Science
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
ATest
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for Environmental
16th EditionScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLK
A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@
12) Ecological systems often undergo periodic disturbances
A) such as floods and fires.
B) and show resilience when they recover quickly.
C) only in arid environments.
D) such as floods, fires, and show resilience when they recover quickly.
13) Positive feedback is a process
A) that is self-perpetuating.
B) where increases in a state variable lead to further increases.
C) that suppresses change.
D) that is self-perpetuating and where increases in a state variable lead to
further increases.
14) In an ecosystem, throughput can refer to
A) matter that flows into the system but not out.
B) energy that originates in the system and flows out.
C) something that can expand the size of state variables.
D) the equilibrium state.
15) Homeostasis refers to
A) a tendency to change.
B) equilibrium.
C) spatial homogeneity.
D) the environment.
16) Which of the following is not an example of a disturbance in an ecosystem?
A) fire
B) drought
C) flash flood
D) shade
nScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
APage
Global
3 of
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480Test16th
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Science A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*
,Science
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
ATest
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Bank
Concern,
for Environmental
16th EditionScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLK
A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@
17) Sometimes severe disturbances can lead to a , in which conditions do not return
to normal.
A) paradigm shift
B) state shift
C) feedback loop
D) system
18) is a process for producing knowledge methodically and logically.
A) Universalism
B) Science
C) Relativism
D) Morality
E) Parsimony
19) Ideally, science
A) always has the right answers.
B) tells us what we expected to find.
C) uses new technology.
D) is orderly and methodical.
E) proves that our hypotheses are correct.
20) Which of the following is not an important feature of science?
A) reproducibility
B) parsimony
C) empiricism
D) positive proof
21) Generally, distinguished scientists
A) always agree if they really are expert scientists.
B) may have different interpretations of the same evidence.
C) never disagree once a theory is established.
D) believe each other and support each other in their work.
E) always disagree so they can prove theories.
nScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
APage
Global
4 of
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480Test16th
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Science A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
ATest
Global
Bank
Concern,
for Environmental
16th EditionScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLK
A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@
Environmental Science: A Global Concern 16th Edition
Chapter: 02
1) Which of the following is not a basic principle of science?
A) We can learn through observation.
B) Simpler explanations are preferable.
C) Nothing can be absolutely proven.
D) All of these choices are correct.
2) Which of the following does not apply to manipulative experiments?
A) Extraneous variables are held constant.
B) Most experiments are done in the laboratory.
C) They are useful for studying large scale geologic forces.
D) They can be affected by experimenter bias.
Environmental Science: A Global Concern 16th Edition Chapter:
3) In science, a theory is
A) speculative and unsupported by facts.
B) a tentative explanation, comparable to a hypothesis.
C) an explanation supported by a substantial body of evidence.
D) something that can never be proven wrong.
4) The process of science is characterized by all of the following except
A) that science attempts to keep explanations as simple as possible.
B) that science normally provides absolute proof.
C) that science attempts to be objective.
D) that science is inherently skeptical.
5) Scientific paradigms can be characterized by all of the following except
A) once agreed upon remain unchanged forever.
B) are broad patterns of thought that guide thinking.
C) influence how we interpret evidence.
D) determine which questions we understand to be relevant to issues at hand.
nScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
APage
Global
1 of
Concern,
480Test16th
BankEdition
for Environmental
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLK
Science A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*
,Science
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
ATest
Global
Bank
Concern,
for Environmental
16th EditionScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLK
A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@
6) The process by which science works is useful to the general public as well as to scientists.
⊚ true
⊚ false
7) A person carefully gathering pieces of information to uncover a larger pattern is engaged in
A) inductive reasoning.
B) deductive reasoning.
8) Creating a generalization based on several observations is an example of
A) deductive reasoning.
B) inductive reasoning.
9) Which of the following is not an example of science?
A) gut instinct
B) testable hypotheses
C) manipulative experiments
D) observational studies
E) natural experiments
10) Statistical tests
A) provide us with raw numbers such as the number of people in a given city.
B) focus on determining the probability that observed phenomena occurred by chance.
C) are only used in science to influence political decision-making.
D) provide only fake numbers.
11) Manipulative experiments
A) are not useful to ecologists because they depend on the natural environment.
B) are most often conducted in a laboratory.
C) do not allow the scientist to control variables.
D) are not possible.
nScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
APage
Global
2 of
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480Test16th
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for Environmental
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Science A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*
,Science
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
ATest
Global
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16th EditionScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLK
A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@
12) Ecological systems often undergo periodic disturbances
A) such as floods and fires.
B) and show resilience when they recover quickly.
C) only in arid environments.
D) such as floods, fires, and show resilience when they recover quickly.
13) Positive feedback is a process
A) that is self-perpetuating.
B) where increases in a state variable lead to further increases.
C) that suppresses change.
D) that is self-perpetuating and where increases in a state variable lead to
further increases.
14) In an ecosystem, throughput can refer to
A) matter that flows into the system but not out.
B) energy that originates in the system and flows out.
C) something that can expand the size of state variables.
D) the equilibrium state.
15) Homeostasis refers to
A) a tendency to change.
B) equilibrium.
C) spatial homogeneity.
D) the environment.
16) Which of the following is not an example of a disturbance in an ecosystem?
A) fire
B) drought
C) flash flood
D) shade
nScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
APage
Global
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480Test16th
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Science A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*
,Science
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
ATest
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16th EditionScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLK
A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@
17) Sometimes severe disturbances can lead to a , in which conditions do not return
to normal.
A) paradigm shift
B) state shift
C) feedback loop
D) system
18) is a process for producing knowledge methodically and logically.
A) Universalism
B) Science
C) Relativism
D) Morality
E) Parsimony
19) Ideally, science
A) always has the right answers.
B) tells us what we expected to find.
C) uses new technology.
D) is orderly and methodical.
E) proves that our hypotheses are correct.
20) Which of the following is not an important feature of science?
A) reproducibility
B) parsimony
C) empiricism
D) positive proof
21) Generally, distinguished scientists
A) always agree if they really are expert scientists.
B) may have different interpretations of the same evidence.
C) never disagree once a theory is established.
D) believe each other and support each other in their work.
E) always disagree so they can prove theories.
nScience
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLKEIO@IOPO@#)__$)))%)_)#_
APage
Global
4 of
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480Test16th
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for Environmental
by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*(@*$I(@(@@@@@@@@@@@@!@ED@EKDLK
Science A Global Concern, 16th Edition by Cunningham.pdf@#@(H*HNRMD*R)(#I$M*)(I$($)_I_@)I$)(#I($*Y$NHHMN&*
