For AQA / Edexcel / OCR
Contents
1. Cell Structure & Transport
2. Cell Division
3. Organisation & Digestion
4. Photosynthesis
5. Respiration
6. Homeostasis
7. Inheritance & Evolution
8. Ecology
Quick-Fire Quiz at the end
, 1 — CELL STRUCTURE & TRANSPORT
Animal vs Plant Cells
Table
Feature Animal Plant
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cell Wall (cellulose)
Chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
Permanent Vacuole (cell sap)
Key Definitions
• Nucleus: Controls cell activities, contains DNA
• Mitochondria: Where aerobic respiration happens → releases energy
• Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions occur
Transport Processes
Table
Process What moves Direction Energy needed?
Gases / dissolved
Diffusion High → Low conc. Passive
substances
Dilute → Conc.
Osmosis Water Passive
solution
Active From
Ions / sugar Low → High conc.
Transport respiration