BIOS 256: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
II COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |GRADE A+|
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
1. Which of the following describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?
A. Increased heart rate decreases cardiac output
B. Afterload is inversely proportional to heart rate
C. Decreased venous return increases contractility
D. Increased end-diastolic volume increases stroke volume
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The Frank-Starling law states that the stroke volume of the heart
increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (end-diastolic
volume) when all other factors remain constant.
2. In the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), what is the direct effect of
Angiotensin II on the blood vessels?
A. Systemic vasodilation
B. Increased capillary permeability
C. Inhibition of norepinephrine release
,D. Systemic vasoconstriction
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases
systemic blood pressure by increasing peripheral resistance.
3. During the cardiac cycle, when does the first heart sound (S1) occur?
A. During atrial systole
B. At the beginning of ventricular diastole
C. During the closure of the semilunar valves
D. During the closure of the atrioventricular valves
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The S1 heart sound is caused by the closure of the mitral and
tricuspid (AV) valves at the onset of ventricular systole.
4. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells in
response to low blood oxygen levels?
A. Erythropoietin
B. Aldosterone
C. Thrombopoietin
D. Calcitonin
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced by the kidneys in response to
hypoxia and stimulates the bone marrow to produce erythrocytes.
5. What occurs during the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Ventricular repolarization
D. Atrial repolarization only
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The QRS complex represents the rapid depolarization of the
ventricles, which precedes ventricular contraction.
6. Which pressure is the primary driver of glomerular filtration in the kidneys?
A. Capsular hydrostatic pressure
B. Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. Blood colloid osmotic pressure
D. Net filtration pressure
Answer: B
II COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |GRADE A+|
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
1. Which of the following describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?
A. Increased heart rate decreases cardiac output
B. Afterload is inversely proportional to heart rate
C. Decreased venous return increases contractility
D. Increased end-diastolic volume increases stroke volume
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The Frank-Starling law states that the stroke volume of the heart
increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (end-diastolic
volume) when all other factors remain constant.
2. In the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), what is the direct effect of
Angiotensin II on the blood vessels?
A. Systemic vasodilation
B. Increased capillary permeability
C. Inhibition of norepinephrine release
,D. Systemic vasoconstriction
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases
systemic blood pressure by increasing peripheral resistance.
3. During the cardiac cycle, when does the first heart sound (S1) occur?
A. During atrial systole
B. At the beginning of ventricular diastole
C. During the closure of the semilunar valves
D. During the closure of the atrioventricular valves
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The S1 heart sound is caused by the closure of the mitral and
tricuspid (AV) valves at the onset of ventricular systole.
4. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells in
response to low blood oxygen levels?
A. Erythropoietin
B. Aldosterone
C. Thrombopoietin
D. Calcitonin
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced by the kidneys in response to
hypoxia and stimulates the bone marrow to produce erythrocytes.
5. What occurs during the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Ventricular repolarization
D. Atrial repolarization only
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The QRS complex represents the rapid depolarization of the
ventricles, which precedes ventricular contraction.
6. Which pressure is the primary driver of glomerular filtration in the kidneys?
A. Capsular hydrostatic pressure
B. Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. Blood colloid osmotic pressure
D. Net filtration pressure
Answer: B
