BIOS 256 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
II MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS |GRADE A+|
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
1. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones?
A. They cross the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors.
B. They act directly as transcription factors in the nucleus.
C. They bind to surface receptors and utilize second messengers like cAMP.
D. They are transported in the blood bound to carrier proteins.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Water-soluble hormones (like peptides and catecholamines)
cannot cross the lipid bilayer, so they bind to extracellular receptors and trigger a cascade
via second messengers.
2. The hypophyseal portal system connects the hypothalamus to which gland?
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Posterior pituitary
C. Pineal gland
D. Thalamus
,Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The hypophyseal portal system is a blood vessel network that
carries regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus specifically to the adenohypophysis
(anterior pituitary).
3. A deficiency in dietary iodine would most directly inhibit the production of:
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Aldosterone
D. Thyroxine (T4)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) require iodine atoms to be
synthesized within the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
4. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver during
periods of prolonged stress?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Glucagon
D. Aldosterone
Answer: B
, Conceptual Explanation: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex that
promotes gluconeogenesis to ensure adequate fuel during stress.
5. Which pancreatic cells are responsible for secreting glucagon?
A. Beta cells
B. Alpha cells
C. Delta cells
D. F cells
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon to raise
blood glucose, while Beta cells secrete insulin to lower it.
6. Diabetes insipidus is caused by a hyposecretion of, or lack of response to, which hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Oxytocin
C. Aldosterone
D. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Diabetes insipidus results from ADH deficiency or kidney
insensitivity to ADH, leading to excessive dilute urine output.
II MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS |GRADE A+|
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
1. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones?
A. They cross the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors.
B. They act directly as transcription factors in the nucleus.
C. They bind to surface receptors and utilize second messengers like cAMP.
D. They are transported in the blood bound to carrier proteins.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Water-soluble hormones (like peptides and catecholamines)
cannot cross the lipid bilayer, so they bind to extracellular receptors and trigger a cascade
via second messengers.
2. The hypophyseal portal system connects the hypothalamus to which gland?
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Posterior pituitary
C. Pineal gland
D. Thalamus
,Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The hypophyseal portal system is a blood vessel network that
carries regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus specifically to the adenohypophysis
(anterior pituitary).
3. A deficiency in dietary iodine would most directly inhibit the production of:
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Aldosterone
D. Thyroxine (T4)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) require iodine atoms to be
synthesized within the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
4. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver during
periods of prolonged stress?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Glucagon
D. Aldosterone
Answer: B
, Conceptual Explanation: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex that
promotes gluconeogenesis to ensure adequate fuel during stress.
5. Which pancreatic cells are responsible for secreting glucagon?
A. Beta cells
B. Alpha cells
C. Delta cells
D. F cells
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon to raise
blood glucose, while Beta cells secrete insulin to lower it.
6. Diabetes insipidus is caused by a hyposecretion of, or lack of response to, which hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Oxytocin
C. Aldosterone
D. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Diabetes insipidus results from ADH deficiency or kidney
insensitivity to ADH, leading to excessive dilute urine output.
