BIOS 256 FINAL EXAMINATION:
ADVANCED ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY IV QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS |GRADE A+|
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
1. During the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, which of the following
events occurs?
A. Both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves are closed while ventricular pressure
rises.
B. The aortic valve opens to allow blood into the systemic circuit.
C. Atrial systole occurs simultaneously to maximize ventricular filling.
D. The ventricles reach their end-systolic volume.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Isovolumetric contraction occurs when the ventricles begin to
contract but the pressure is not yet high enough to open the semilunar valves; all valves are
closed, and volume remains constant.
,2. Which of the following would result in a rightward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin
dissociation curve?
A. Decreased temperature and increased pH.
B. Decreased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) concentration.
C. Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide and decreased pH.
D. Increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A rightward shift (Bohr effect) indicates decreased affinity for
oxygen, caused by increased CO2, increased temperature, increased H+ (lower pH), or
increased BPG.
3. The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that:
A. Stroke volume is proportional to the end-diastolic volume.
B. Heart rate increases as venous return decreases.
C. The force of contraction is inversely related to myocardial stretch.
D. Afterload is the primary determinant of cardiac output in healthy individuals.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Frank-Starling law states that the more the heart muscle is
stretched (increased EDV/preload), the more forcefully it will contract, thus increasing
stroke volume.
, 4. Which cell type is responsible for secreting surfactant in the alveoli to reduce surface
tension?
A. Alveolar macrophages (dust cells).
B. Type II alveolar cells.
C. Goblet cells.
D. Type I alveolar cells.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant, a phospholipid-protein
complex that prevents alveolar collapse by lowering surface tension.
5. In the renal corpuscle, the net filtration pressure (NFP) is primarily determined by which of
the following forces?
A. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure minus the sum of capsular hydrostatic pressure and
blood colloid osmotic pressure.
B. Blood colloid osmotic pressure plus capsular hydrostatic pressure.
C. The difference between afferent and efferent arteriole resistance.
D. Capsular hydrostatic pressure minus glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: NFP = GBHP - (CHP + BCOP). Glomerular blood hydrostatic
pressure promotes filtration, while the other two oppose it.
ADVANCED ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY IV QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS |GRADE A+|
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
1. During the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, which of the following
events occurs?
A. Both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves are closed while ventricular pressure
rises.
B. The aortic valve opens to allow blood into the systemic circuit.
C. Atrial systole occurs simultaneously to maximize ventricular filling.
D. The ventricles reach their end-systolic volume.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Isovolumetric contraction occurs when the ventricles begin to
contract but the pressure is not yet high enough to open the semilunar valves; all valves are
closed, and volume remains constant.
,2. Which of the following would result in a rightward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin
dissociation curve?
A. Decreased temperature and increased pH.
B. Decreased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) concentration.
C. Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide and decreased pH.
D. Increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A rightward shift (Bohr effect) indicates decreased affinity for
oxygen, caused by increased CO2, increased temperature, increased H+ (lower pH), or
increased BPG.
3. The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that:
A. Stroke volume is proportional to the end-diastolic volume.
B. Heart rate increases as venous return decreases.
C. The force of contraction is inversely related to myocardial stretch.
D. Afterload is the primary determinant of cardiac output in healthy individuals.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Frank-Starling law states that the more the heart muscle is
stretched (increased EDV/preload), the more forcefully it will contract, thus increasing
stroke volume.
, 4. Which cell type is responsible for secreting surfactant in the alveoli to reduce surface
tension?
A. Alveolar macrophages (dust cells).
B. Type II alveolar cells.
C. Goblet cells.
D. Type I alveolar cells.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant, a phospholipid-protein
complex that prevents alveolar collapse by lowering surface tension.
5. In the renal corpuscle, the net filtration pressure (NFP) is primarily determined by which of
the following forces?
A. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure minus the sum of capsular hydrostatic pressure and
blood colloid osmotic pressure.
B. Blood colloid osmotic pressure plus capsular hydrostatic pressure.
C. The difference between afferent and efferent arteriole resistance.
D. Capsular hydrostatic pressure minus glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: NFP = GBHP - (CHP + BCOP). Glomerular blood hydrostatic
pressure promotes filtration, while the other two oppose it.
