NSG 320 EXAM 1 NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS//
VERIFIED//GRADED A+//
hypoglycemia
-Blood glucose is less than 70 mg/dL
-Skin is cool, clammy, and sweaty, hungry, blurred or
double vision, anxious, shaky, nervous, irritable, mental
confusion, seizures, coma
-Rule of 15: if blood sugar is low, give patient 15 g of
carbs and recheck their blood sugar in 15 minutes; keep
doing this until their blood sugar is a normal level
-"Cold and clammy - need some candy!"
normal labs for diabetics
-Hgb A1C levels maintained at 6.5% or below
-Premeal BG between 70 and 130
-After meal BG less than 180
basal-bolus insulin regimen
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,To mimic the pancreas, provides enough insulin to
ensure a steady glucose supply to maintain basic
metabolic processes in the body
mealtime insulin regimen
To provide additional insulin for glucose absorption
after meals
rapid acting insulin
-Onset: 10-30 min
-Peak: 30 min-3 hr
-Duration: 3-5 hr
-Includes lispro (HumaLog), aspart(NovoLog), glulisine
(Apidra)
-Should be injected within 15 minutes of mealtime
-Most closely mimics natural insulin secretion in
response to a meal
short acting insulin
-Onset: 30 min-1 hr
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,-Peak: 2-5 hr
-Duration: 5-8 hr
-Includes regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R)
-Injected 30 to 45 minutes before a meal
intermediate acting insulin
-Onset: 1.5-4 hr
-Peak: 4-12 hr
-Duration: 12-18 hr
-Includes NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N), Humulin 70/30
-Basal insulin once or twice a day
-Can mix with short and rapid acting insulins
-Cloudy; must agitate gently (don't shake) to mix before
administration
long acting insulin
Onset: 0.8-4 hr
Peak: None
Duration: 16-24 hr
-Includes glargine (Lantus), detemir (Levemir), and
degludec (Tresiba)
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, -Basal background insulin given once or twice daily
-Used to manage glucose levels in between meals and
overnight
-Do not mix with any other insulin or solution
somogyi effect
Rebound effect in which an overdose of insulin causes
hypoglycemia; release of counterregulatory hormones
causes rebound hyperglycemia; a bedtime snack, a
reduction in the dose of insulin, or both can help
prevent this
dawn phenomenon
Morning hyperglycemia present on awakening; may be
due to release of counterregulatory hormones (growth
hormone and cortisol) in predawn hours; can be treated
with an increase in insulin or an adjustment in
administration time
SICK day management
-Sugar: check blood glucose every 2 to 3 hours or as
necessary
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COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS//
VERIFIED//GRADED A+//
hypoglycemia
-Blood glucose is less than 70 mg/dL
-Skin is cool, clammy, and sweaty, hungry, blurred or
double vision, anxious, shaky, nervous, irritable, mental
confusion, seizures, coma
-Rule of 15: if blood sugar is low, give patient 15 g of
carbs and recheck their blood sugar in 15 minutes; keep
doing this until their blood sugar is a normal level
-"Cold and clammy - need some candy!"
normal labs for diabetics
-Hgb A1C levels maintained at 6.5% or below
-Premeal BG between 70 and 130
-After meal BG less than 180
basal-bolus insulin regimen
Page 1 of 58
,To mimic the pancreas, provides enough insulin to
ensure a steady glucose supply to maintain basic
metabolic processes in the body
mealtime insulin regimen
To provide additional insulin for glucose absorption
after meals
rapid acting insulin
-Onset: 10-30 min
-Peak: 30 min-3 hr
-Duration: 3-5 hr
-Includes lispro (HumaLog), aspart(NovoLog), glulisine
(Apidra)
-Should be injected within 15 minutes of mealtime
-Most closely mimics natural insulin secretion in
response to a meal
short acting insulin
-Onset: 30 min-1 hr
Page 2 of 58
,-Peak: 2-5 hr
-Duration: 5-8 hr
-Includes regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R)
-Injected 30 to 45 minutes before a meal
intermediate acting insulin
-Onset: 1.5-4 hr
-Peak: 4-12 hr
-Duration: 12-18 hr
-Includes NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N), Humulin 70/30
-Basal insulin once or twice a day
-Can mix with short and rapid acting insulins
-Cloudy; must agitate gently (don't shake) to mix before
administration
long acting insulin
Onset: 0.8-4 hr
Peak: None
Duration: 16-24 hr
-Includes glargine (Lantus), detemir (Levemir), and
degludec (Tresiba)
Page 3 of 58
, -Basal background insulin given once or twice daily
-Used to manage glucose levels in between meals and
overnight
-Do not mix with any other insulin or solution
somogyi effect
Rebound effect in which an overdose of insulin causes
hypoglycemia; release of counterregulatory hormones
causes rebound hyperglycemia; a bedtime snack, a
reduction in the dose of insulin, or both can help
prevent this
dawn phenomenon
Morning hyperglycemia present on awakening; may be
due to release of counterregulatory hormones (growth
hormone and cortisol) in predawn hours; can be treated
with an increase in insulin or an adjustment in
administration time
SICK day management
-Sugar: check blood glucose every 2 to 3 hours or as
necessary
Page 4 of 58
