GALEN NUR 210
EXAM 1 MODULES 1-3
ACTUAL 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND 100 CORRECT ANSWERS
Pharmacokinecs - Answer -The process in which medicaons move
through the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinecs? - Answer -absorpon,
distribuon, metabolism, excreon
Absorpon - Answer -happens with drug movement from the GI tract
into the bloodstream. Most meds are taken by mouth.
Oral absorpon - Answer -Takes awhile to get absorbed because it has
to go through the GI system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
,can not crush pill
•Extended release
absorbed in the small intesne
IM absorpon - Answer -Absorbed 1-2 hours
IV absorpon - Answer -Absorbed 30-60 minutes
dissoluon - Answer -Dissoluon happens when a po medicaon breaks
down into parcles, disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid
so absorpon from the GI tract into the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medicaons are absorbed faster than solids. Food can interfere
with the absorpon of drugs.
Drugs that resist dissoluon - Answer -Parenteral medicaons (SL,
eyedrops, inhalants, transdermal) do not pass through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medicaons are designed to resist disintegraon unl
the pill reaches the small intesne. EC and sustained release meds
should not be crushed.
Factors that aect absorpon - Answer -•Lack of muscle and increased
fat changes medicine absorpon
•Food consumpon - will change medicine potency (delayed)
•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
,•Antacid changes absorpon
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the acon
Excipients - Answer -Fillers and other substances that make up tablets
as a pill is not 100% drug.
Somemes an excipient enhances the absorpon of a drug such as with
PCN, which is not well absorbed from the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase the
absorpon of PCN
rst pass eect - Answer -•the oral drugs go to liver via portal vein
where some of the drug becomes inacve
•Only happens with oral medicaons
delayed gastric emptying - Answer -Food doesn't move like it should
Distribuon - Answer -refers to the movement of the drug from the
circulaon to body ssues
Factors aecng distribuon - Answer --blood ow to ssues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's anity to the ssue
protein binding - Answer -Drugs bind with proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly protein
bound
free drugs - Answer -drugs not bound to protein
, Drug Toxicity - Answer --Two highly protein bound drugs compete and
one might accumulate and cause a toxicity
-it is important to know if you are administering highly protein bound
medicaons and monitor albumin levels in paents with liver or kidney
disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
Furosemide
Diazepam
Drug distribuon and albumin - Answer --A decrease in albumin levels
decrease the protein-binding sites, which means more of the free drug
is circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are
acve in the body and cause a pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or kidney
disease have low albumin levels.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - Answer --The BBB protects the brain from
most drugs.
-Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
EXAM 1 MODULES 1-3
ACTUAL 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND 100 CORRECT ANSWERS
Pharmacokinecs - Answer -The process in which medicaons move
through the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinecs? - Answer -absorpon,
distribuon, metabolism, excreon
Absorpon - Answer -happens with drug movement from the GI tract
into the bloodstream. Most meds are taken by mouth.
Oral absorpon - Answer -Takes awhile to get absorbed because it has
to go through the GI system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
,can not crush pill
•Extended release
absorbed in the small intesne
IM absorpon - Answer -Absorbed 1-2 hours
IV absorpon - Answer -Absorbed 30-60 minutes
dissoluon - Answer -Dissoluon happens when a po medicaon breaks
down into parcles, disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid
so absorpon from the GI tract into the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medicaons are absorbed faster than solids. Food can interfere
with the absorpon of drugs.
Drugs that resist dissoluon - Answer -Parenteral medicaons (SL,
eyedrops, inhalants, transdermal) do not pass through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medicaons are designed to resist disintegraon unl
the pill reaches the small intesne. EC and sustained release meds
should not be crushed.
Factors that aect absorpon - Answer -•Lack of muscle and increased
fat changes medicine absorpon
•Food consumpon - will change medicine potency (delayed)
•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
,•Antacid changes absorpon
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the acon
Excipients - Answer -Fillers and other substances that make up tablets
as a pill is not 100% drug.
Somemes an excipient enhances the absorpon of a drug such as with
PCN, which is not well absorbed from the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase the
absorpon of PCN
rst pass eect - Answer -•the oral drugs go to liver via portal vein
where some of the drug becomes inacve
•Only happens with oral medicaons
delayed gastric emptying - Answer -Food doesn't move like it should
Distribuon - Answer -refers to the movement of the drug from the
circulaon to body ssues
Factors aecng distribuon - Answer --blood ow to ssues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's anity to the ssue
protein binding - Answer -Drugs bind with proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly protein
bound
free drugs - Answer -drugs not bound to protein
, Drug Toxicity - Answer --Two highly protein bound drugs compete and
one might accumulate and cause a toxicity
-it is important to know if you are administering highly protein bound
medicaons and monitor albumin levels in paents with liver or kidney
disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
Furosemide
Diazepam
Drug distribuon and albumin - Answer --A decrease in albumin levels
decrease the protein-binding sites, which means more of the free drug
is circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are
acve in the body and cause a pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or kidney
disease have low albumin levels.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - Answer --The BBB protects the brain from
most drugs.
-Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
