GALEN ADVANCED MEDSURG NUR265
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NUR
265 MED SURG EXAM 1 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS| NUR 265 EXAM 1| WITH
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH REVIEW/ NUR 265 EXAM
1 PREP 2026 (GALEN)
1. AKI S/S
Answer: -oliguria;decreased urine output; azotemia; fluid overload signs-
crackles, edema, confusion, low spO2 (88), tachycardia; Map below 65
2. AKI in xray dx
Answer: -infiltration (fluid in lungs)
3. AKI ABG results may read
Answer: -respiratory alkalosis (spo2 below 88%)
4. example of pre renal AKI
Answer: -dehydration, blood loss, decreased cardiac output, heart failure;
infection; NG suction, sepsis, V/D
5. Example of intra renal AKI
Answer: -myoglobinuria;BPH, tubular necrosis, nephrotoxicity; acute poly
nephritis, contrast
6. Example of post renal AKI
Answer: -bladder neck obstruction, bladder cancer; calculi; tumor
7. Diuretic phase (3rd phase) of AKI
, Answer: -Nurse should give 3L-6L per day; place Foley Asses I and O
(output=1000-2000mL/day) replace fluids and monitor electrolytes dialysis
may be required
8. Best Lab indicator of Kindey function (AKI and CKD)
Answer: -creatine (Normal 0.6-1.2)
9. AKI increased 1-2 every 24-48hrs
Answer: AKI increased 1-2 every 24-48hrs
10. Normal urine output per hour
Answer: -30 mL/hr
11. normal potassium levels
Answer: -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
12. Normal Sodium levels
Answer: -135-145 mEq/L
13. Diet for AKI patients
Answer: -mod protein high carb
14. Complication of AKI
Answer: -Preicarditis
15. Nephrotoxic agents include
Answer: -contrast mycin antibiotics (peak and trough) NSAIDS (celecoxib,
ibuprophen, ketorolac, napraxon)
16. Diet : AKI patient w/ dialysis
Answer: -protein 40 g/day
17. diet:AKI patient without dialysis
Answer: -protein 1-1.5g/kg Na 60-90 mEq/kg K restriction 60-70 mEq/kg
18. Define oliguria
Answer: -decreased urine production 400mL/day or less
19. How many stages of Kidney failure are there?
, Answer: -5 stages ( defined by GFR) stage 1 (GFR 90 and up) Stage 5 (GFR
15 or less)
20. signs of Chronic Kidney Disease
Answer: -oliguria, anemia, azotomia, hyperkalemia
21. Diet for Chronic kidney disease
Answer: -restrict K, restrict NA, low protein best food apples
22. treatment for chronic kidney disease
Answer: -hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
23. complication during hemodialysis
Answer: -Disequilibruim syndrome
24. S/S of disequilibrium syndrome medical emergency tell hcp
Answer: -headache restless confused N/V seizure fatigue
25. complication of peritoneal dialysis
Answer: -peritonitis (board like abdomen)
26. hemodialysis contraindicated for
Answer: -severe cardiac disease, vascular disease, bleeding disorders
27. peritoneal dialysis contraindicated for
Answer: -fibrosis, active inflammatory GI disease, diverticulitis, ascites,
central obesity, peritoneal adhesions, recent abd surgery
28. Arteriovenous Fistula care
Answer: -Do not sleep on arm feel thrill & hear bruit every 4 hours NO bp
on av access arm
29. What is the primary cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a patient
experiencing severe hypovolemic shock?
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Decreased renal perfusion
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Urinary tract obstruction
, Answer: B. Decreased renal perfusion
30. A nurse is assessing a patient with AKI. Which finding indicates fluid
volume overload?
A. Decreased urine output
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Crackles in the lungs
D. Flat neck veins
Answer: C. Crackles in the lungs
31. Which lab value is most specific for assessing kidney function?
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B. Serum creatinine
C. Serum potassium
D. Serum sodium
Answer: B. Serum creatinine
32. What is the normal range for serum potassium?
A. 135-145 mEq/L
B. 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
C. 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
D. 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Answer: B. 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NUR
265 MED SURG EXAM 1 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS| NUR 265 EXAM 1| WITH
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH REVIEW/ NUR 265 EXAM
1 PREP 2026 (GALEN)
1. AKI S/S
Answer: -oliguria;decreased urine output; azotemia; fluid overload signs-
crackles, edema, confusion, low spO2 (88), tachycardia; Map below 65
2. AKI in xray dx
Answer: -infiltration (fluid in lungs)
3. AKI ABG results may read
Answer: -respiratory alkalosis (spo2 below 88%)
4. example of pre renal AKI
Answer: -dehydration, blood loss, decreased cardiac output, heart failure;
infection; NG suction, sepsis, V/D
5. Example of intra renal AKI
Answer: -myoglobinuria;BPH, tubular necrosis, nephrotoxicity; acute poly
nephritis, contrast
6. Example of post renal AKI
Answer: -bladder neck obstruction, bladder cancer; calculi; tumor
7. Diuretic phase (3rd phase) of AKI
, Answer: -Nurse should give 3L-6L per day; place Foley Asses I and O
(output=1000-2000mL/day) replace fluids and monitor electrolytes dialysis
may be required
8. Best Lab indicator of Kindey function (AKI and CKD)
Answer: -creatine (Normal 0.6-1.2)
9. AKI increased 1-2 every 24-48hrs
Answer: AKI increased 1-2 every 24-48hrs
10. Normal urine output per hour
Answer: -30 mL/hr
11. normal potassium levels
Answer: -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
12. Normal Sodium levels
Answer: -135-145 mEq/L
13. Diet for AKI patients
Answer: -mod protein high carb
14. Complication of AKI
Answer: -Preicarditis
15. Nephrotoxic agents include
Answer: -contrast mycin antibiotics (peak and trough) NSAIDS (celecoxib,
ibuprophen, ketorolac, napraxon)
16. Diet : AKI patient w/ dialysis
Answer: -protein 40 g/day
17. diet:AKI patient without dialysis
Answer: -protein 1-1.5g/kg Na 60-90 mEq/kg K restriction 60-70 mEq/kg
18. Define oliguria
Answer: -decreased urine production 400mL/day or less
19. How many stages of Kidney failure are there?
, Answer: -5 stages ( defined by GFR) stage 1 (GFR 90 and up) Stage 5 (GFR
15 or less)
20. signs of Chronic Kidney Disease
Answer: -oliguria, anemia, azotomia, hyperkalemia
21. Diet for Chronic kidney disease
Answer: -restrict K, restrict NA, low protein best food apples
22. treatment for chronic kidney disease
Answer: -hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
23. complication during hemodialysis
Answer: -Disequilibruim syndrome
24. S/S of disequilibrium syndrome medical emergency tell hcp
Answer: -headache restless confused N/V seizure fatigue
25. complication of peritoneal dialysis
Answer: -peritonitis (board like abdomen)
26. hemodialysis contraindicated for
Answer: -severe cardiac disease, vascular disease, bleeding disorders
27. peritoneal dialysis contraindicated for
Answer: -fibrosis, active inflammatory GI disease, diverticulitis, ascites,
central obesity, peritoneal adhesions, recent abd surgery
28. Arteriovenous Fistula care
Answer: -Do not sleep on arm feel thrill & hear bruit every 4 hours NO bp
on av access arm
29. What is the primary cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a patient
experiencing severe hypovolemic shock?
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Decreased renal perfusion
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Urinary tract obstruction
, Answer: B. Decreased renal perfusion
30. A nurse is assessing a patient with AKI. Which finding indicates fluid
volume overload?
A. Decreased urine output
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Crackles in the lungs
D. Flat neck veins
Answer: C. Crackles in the lungs
31. Which lab value is most specific for assessing kidney function?
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B. Serum creatinine
C. Serum potassium
D. Serum sodium
Answer: B. Serum creatinine
32. What is the normal range for serum potassium?
A. 135-145 mEq/L
B. 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
C. 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
D. 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Answer: B. 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
