BSN 246 FINAL EXAM (LATEST 2026/
2027 UPDATE) - QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT|
GRADE A+ NIGHTINGALE
1. A patient presents with arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.28, PaCO2 50 mmHg, and
HCO3 24 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance does the nurse identify?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Metabolic Alkalosis
C. Respiratory Acidosis
D. Respiratory Alkalosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The pH is low (acidosis) and the PaCO2 is high (respiratory
component), while the HCO3 is normal, indicating uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
2. When administering Digoxin to a patient with heart failure, which electrolyte imbalance
most increases the risk of Digoxin toxicity?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
,D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia sensitizes the myocardium to digoxin, significantly
increasing the risk of toxicity even if digoxin levels are within the therapeutic range.
3. A patient with a traumatic brain injury has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 7. How
should the nurse categorize this brain injury?
A. Mild
B. Severe
C. Moderate
D. Critical
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A GCS score of 8 or less is generally classified as a severe brain
injury and often indicates a need for intubation.
4. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of the ‘Oliguric Phase’ of Acute Kidney Injury
(AKI)?
A. Urinary output less than 400 mL/day
B. Metabolic Alkalosis
C. Fluid volume deficit
D. Hypokalemia
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The oliguric phase is characterized by a significant decrease in
urine output, typically defined as less than 400 mL in 24 hours.
5. A nurse is caring for a patient with Cushing’s Syndrome. Which laboratory finding is most
consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocortisolism
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing’s Syndrome involves excess cortisol, which leads to
sodium retention (hypernatremia) and potassium depletion.
6. What is the primary mechanism of action for Nitroglycerin when administered for angina?
A. Increased myocardial contractility
B. Vasodilation of coronary arteries and peripheral veins
C. Decreased heart rate
D. Inhibition of platelet aggregation
Answer: B
2027 UPDATE) - QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT|
GRADE A+ NIGHTINGALE
1. A patient presents with arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.28, PaCO2 50 mmHg, and
HCO3 24 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance does the nurse identify?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Metabolic Alkalosis
C. Respiratory Acidosis
D. Respiratory Alkalosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The pH is low (acidosis) and the PaCO2 is high (respiratory
component), while the HCO3 is normal, indicating uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
2. When administering Digoxin to a patient with heart failure, which electrolyte imbalance
most increases the risk of Digoxin toxicity?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
,D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia sensitizes the myocardium to digoxin, significantly
increasing the risk of toxicity even if digoxin levels are within the therapeutic range.
3. A patient with a traumatic brain injury has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 7. How
should the nurse categorize this brain injury?
A. Mild
B. Severe
C. Moderate
D. Critical
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A GCS score of 8 or less is generally classified as a severe brain
injury and often indicates a need for intubation.
4. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of the ‘Oliguric Phase’ of Acute Kidney Injury
(AKI)?
A. Urinary output less than 400 mL/day
B. Metabolic Alkalosis
C. Fluid volume deficit
D. Hypokalemia
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The oliguric phase is characterized by a significant decrease in
urine output, typically defined as less than 400 mL in 24 hours.
5. A nurse is caring for a patient with Cushing’s Syndrome. Which laboratory finding is most
consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocortisolism
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing’s Syndrome involves excess cortisol, which leads to
sodium retention (hypernatremia) and potassium depletion.
6. What is the primary mechanism of action for Nitroglycerin when administered for angina?
A. Increased myocardial contractility
B. Vasodilation of coronary arteries and peripheral veins
C. Decreased heart rate
D. Inhibition of platelet aggregation
Answer: B
