NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM STUDY GUIDE (VERIFIED AND
CORRECT Q & A) SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED 2026/2027
CHAMBERLAIN
1. Which enzyme does Warfarin primarily inhibit to exert its anticoagulant effect?
A. Vitamin K epoxide reductase
B. Antithrombin III
C. Factor Xa
D. Cyclooxygenase-1
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Warfarin inhibits the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase,
which prevents the recycling of vitamin K, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of clotting
factors II, VII, IX, and X.
2. A patient taking an ACE inhibitor develops a dry, non-productive cough. This is primarily
due to the accumulation of which substance?
A. Angiotensin I
B. Bradykinin
,C. Aldosterone
D. Renin
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin. The
resulting accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs can trigger a persistent dry cough in
susceptible patients.
3. Digoxin toxicity is significantly increased by which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) increase the risk of digoxin
toxicity because potassium and digoxin compete for binding sites on the Na+/K+ ATPase
pump.
4. What is the black box warning associated with the use of Fluoroquinolones?
A. Hepatotoxicity
B. Agranulocytosis
C. Tendon rupture and tendonitis
, D. Nephrotoxicity
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Fluoroquinolones carry a black box warning due to the
increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture, particularly the Achilles tendon, especially
in older adults or those taking corticosteroids.
5. Metformin should be temporarily discontinued before a procedure involving IV contrast
dye to prevent which complication?
A. Lactic acidosis
B. Acute liver failure
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: IV contrast can cause acute renal failure, which leads to the
accumulation of metformin and an increased risk of life-threatening lactic acidosis.
6. Which of the following is a major side effect of Amiodarone that requires monitoring of
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)?
A. Pulmonary fibrosis
B. Bronchospasm
C. Pulmonary hypertension
EXAM STUDY GUIDE (VERIFIED AND
CORRECT Q & A) SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED 2026/2027
CHAMBERLAIN
1. Which enzyme does Warfarin primarily inhibit to exert its anticoagulant effect?
A. Vitamin K epoxide reductase
B. Antithrombin III
C. Factor Xa
D. Cyclooxygenase-1
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Warfarin inhibits the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase,
which prevents the recycling of vitamin K, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of clotting
factors II, VII, IX, and X.
2. A patient taking an ACE inhibitor develops a dry, non-productive cough. This is primarily
due to the accumulation of which substance?
A. Angiotensin I
B. Bradykinin
,C. Aldosterone
D. Renin
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin. The
resulting accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs can trigger a persistent dry cough in
susceptible patients.
3. Digoxin toxicity is significantly increased by which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) increase the risk of digoxin
toxicity because potassium and digoxin compete for binding sites on the Na+/K+ ATPase
pump.
4. What is the black box warning associated with the use of Fluoroquinolones?
A. Hepatotoxicity
B. Agranulocytosis
C. Tendon rupture and tendonitis
, D. Nephrotoxicity
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Fluoroquinolones carry a black box warning due to the
increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture, particularly the Achilles tendon, especially
in older adults or those taking corticosteroids.
5. Metformin should be temporarily discontinued before a procedure involving IV contrast
dye to prevent which complication?
A. Lactic acidosis
B. Acute liver failure
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: IV contrast can cause acute renal failure, which leads to the
accumulation of metformin and an increased risk of life-threatening lactic acidosis.
6. Which of the following is a major side effect of Amiodarone that requires monitoring of
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)?
A. Pulmonary fibrosis
B. Bronchospasm
C. Pulmonary hypertension
