ATI RN Targeted Medical-
Surgical Renal & Urinary
Practice Exam 2026–2027|
Complete Test Prep Practice
Questions With Answers &
Detailed Rationales |clinical
Judgment &Safety |A+ Rated
1.
A nurse is assessing a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which
finding should the nurse expect?
A. Polyuria
B. Increased glomerular filtration rate
C. Elevated serum creatinine
D. Decreased blood urea nitrogen
Answer: C. Elevated serum creatinine
,Rationale: AKI decreases renal filtration, causing nitrogenous wastes
such as creatinine and urea to accumulate in the blood.
2.
Which laboratory value is the most specific indicator of kidney
function?
A. Serum sodium
B. Serum creatinine
C. Hemoglobin
D. Serum calcium
Answer: B. Serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine is commonly used to evaluate renal
filtration because it is produced at a relatively constant rate and
primarily eliminated by the kidneys.
3.
A nurse is reviewing a client's urine output. Which finding requires
immediate follow-up?
A. 60 mL/hr
,B. 45 mL/hr
C. 35 mL/hr
D. 20 mL/hr
Answer: D. 20 mL/hr
Rationale: Urine output below approximately 30 mL/hr in an adult
can indicate inadequate renal perfusion or kidney dysfunction and
requires evaluation.
4.
A client asks why the kidneys are important in maintaining acid-base
balance. Which response should the nurse provide?
A. "The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and regulate bicarbonate."
B. "The kidneys produce hydrochloric acid."
C. "The kidneys prevent carbon dioxide from entering the blood."
D. "The kidneys eliminate oxygen from the blood."
Answer: A. "The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and regulate
bicarbonate."
Rationale: The kidneys maintain acid-base balance by excreting
hydrogen ions and conserving or generating bicarbonate.
, 5.
Which hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell
production?
A. Renin
B. Aldosterone
C. Erythropoietin
D. Antidiuretic hormone
Answer: C. Erythropoietin
Rationale: The kidneys produce erythropoietin in response to
decreased oxygen delivery, stimulating the bone marrow to produce
red blood cells.
6.
Which substance is normally present in urine?
A. Large amounts of protein
B. Glucose
C. Urea
D. Red blood cells
Surgical Renal & Urinary
Practice Exam 2026–2027|
Complete Test Prep Practice
Questions With Answers &
Detailed Rationales |clinical
Judgment &Safety |A+ Rated
1.
A nurse is assessing a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which
finding should the nurse expect?
A. Polyuria
B. Increased glomerular filtration rate
C. Elevated serum creatinine
D. Decreased blood urea nitrogen
Answer: C. Elevated serum creatinine
,Rationale: AKI decreases renal filtration, causing nitrogenous wastes
such as creatinine and urea to accumulate in the blood.
2.
Which laboratory value is the most specific indicator of kidney
function?
A. Serum sodium
B. Serum creatinine
C. Hemoglobin
D. Serum calcium
Answer: B. Serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine is commonly used to evaluate renal
filtration because it is produced at a relatively constant rate and
primarily eliminated by the kidneys.
3.
A nurse is reviewing a client's urine output. Which finding requires
immediate follow-up?
A. 60 mL/hr
,B. 45 mL/hr
C. 35 mL/hr
D. 20 mL/hr
Answer: D. 20 mL/hr
Rationale: Urine output below approximately 30 mL/hr in an adult
can indicate inadequate renal perfusion or kidney dysfunction and
requires evaluation.
4.
A client asks why the kidneys are important in maintaining acid-base
balance. Which response should the nurse provide?
A. "The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and regulate bicarbonate."
B. "The kidneys produce hydrochloric acid."
C. "The kidneys prevent carbon dioxide from entering the blood."
D. "The kidneys eliminate oxygen from the blood."
Answer: A. "The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and regulate
bicarbonate."
Rationale: The kidneys maintain acid-base balance by excreting
hydrogen ions and conserving or generating bicarbonate.
, 5.
Which hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell
production?
A. Renin
B. Aldosterone
C. Erythropoietin
D. Antidiuretic hormone
Answer: C. Erythropoietin
Rationale: The kidneys produce erythropoietin in response to
decreased oxygen delivery, stimulating the bone marrow to produce
red blood cells.
6.
Which substance is normally present in urine?
A. Large amounts of protein
B. Glucose
C. Urea
D. Red blood cells
