BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE BIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW BANK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
1. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing scientific method and experimental design. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. cohesion results from attraction between water molecules
B. a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant conditions constant
C. protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape
D. valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior
Correct Answer: B. a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant conditions
constant
Rationale: The correct answer is that a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant
conditions constant. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of scientific method and
experimental design; the other choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
2. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing atomic structure and chemical bonding. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape
B. a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant conditions constant
C. cohesion results from attraction between water molecules
D. valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior
Correct Answer: D. valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior
Rationale: The correct answer is that valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior. That
statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of atomic structure and chemical bonding; the other choices
describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
3. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing water, pH, acids, bases, and buffers. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. cohesion results from attraction between water molecules
B. a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant conditions constant
C. valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior
D. protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape
Correct Answer: A. cohesion results from attraction between water molecules
Rationale: The correct answer is that cohesion results from attraction between water molecules. That statement
accurately reflects the underlying biology of water, pH, acids, bases, and buffers; the other choices describe
different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
4. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing biological macromolecules. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior
B. cohesion results from attraction between water molecules
C. protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape
D. a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant conditions constant
Correct Answer: C. protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape
Rationale: The correct answer is that protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape. That
statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of biological macromolecules; the other choices describe
different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
5. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
B. a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and signaling machinery
C. mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration
D. channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the membrane
Correct Answer: A. prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
Rationale: The correct answer is that prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a
nucleus. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; the other
,choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
6. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing cell organelles and intracellular trafficking. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
B. channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the membrane
C. a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and signaling machinery
D. mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration
Correct Answer: D. mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration
Rationale: The correct answer is that mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration. That
statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of cell organelles and intracellular trafficking; the other
choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
7. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing plasma membrane structure and transport. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration
B. a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and signaling machinery
C. channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the membrane
D. prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
Correct Answer: C. channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the membrane
Rationale: The correct answer is that channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the
membrane. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of plasma membrane structure and transport;
the other choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
8. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing cell signaling and receptors. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the membrane
B. a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and signaling machinery
C. prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
D. mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration
Correct Answer: B. a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and signaling machinery
Rationale: The correct answer is that a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and
signaling machinery. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of cell signaling and receptors; the
other choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
9. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing enzymes and metabolic regulation. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term energy-storage polymer
B. NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
C. chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons
D. enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy difference of a reaction
Correct Answer: D. enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy difference of a
reaction
Rationale: The correct answer is that enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy
difference of a reaction. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of enzymes and metabolic
regulation; the other choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
10. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing ATP and cellular energy. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term energy-storage polymer
B. NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
C. chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons
D. enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy difference of a reaction
Correct Answer: A. ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term energy-storage polymer
Rationale: The correct answer is that ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term
energy-storage polymer. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of ATP and cellular energy; the
other choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
11. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing cellular respiration. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
, A. chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons
B. NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
C. enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy difference of a reaction
D. ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term energy-storage polymer
Correct Answer: B. NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
Rationale: The correct answer is that NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport
chain. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of cellular respiration; the other choices describe
different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
12. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing photosynthesis. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy difference of a reaction
B. ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term energy-storage polymer
C. chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons
D. NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
Correct Answer: C. chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons
Rationale: The correct answer is that chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons. That statement
accurately reflects the underlying biology of photosynthesis; the other choices describe different processes or
contain incorrect relationships.
13. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing DNA and RNA structure. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription
B. mitosis usually produces daughter cells genetically similar to the parent cell
C. phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand
D. meiosis involves one DNA replication followed by two nuclear divisions
Correct Answer: C. phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand
Rationale: The correct answer is that phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand. That
statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of DNA and RNA structure; the other choices describe
different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
14. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing DNA replication. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand
B. base-pairing rules guide incorporation of complementary nucleotides during replication
C. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription
D. mitosis usually produces daughter cells genetically similar to the parent cell
Correct Answer: B. base-pairing rules guide incorporation of complementary nucleotides during replication
Rationale: The correct answer is that base-pairing rules guide incorporation of complementary nucleotides during
replication. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of DNA replication; the other choices
describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
15. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing transcription and translation. Which comparison
is scientifically accurate?
A. meiosis involves one DNA replication followed by two nuclear divisions
B. phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand
C. base-pairing rules guide incorporation of complementary nucleotides during replication
D. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription
Correct Answer: D. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription
Rationale: The correct answer is that RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription. That statement
accurately reflects the underlying biology of transcription and translation; the other choices describe different
processes or contain incorrect relationships.
16. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing cell cycle, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. mitosis usually produces daughter cells genetically similar to the parent cell
B. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription
C. meiosis involves one DNA replication followed by two nuclear divisions
D. phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand
REVIEW BANK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
1. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing scientific method and experimental design. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. cohesion results from attraction between water molecules
B. a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant conditions constant
C. protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape
D. valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior
Correct Answer: B. a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant conditions
constant
Rationale: The correct answer is that a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant
conditions constant. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of scientific method and
experimental design; the other choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
2. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing atomic structure and chemical bonding. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape
B. a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant conditions constant
C. cohesion results from attraction between water molecules
D. valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior
Correct Answer: D. valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior
Rationale: The correct answer is that valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior. That
statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of atomic structure and chemical bonding; the other choices
describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
3. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing water, pH, acids, bases, and buffers. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. cohesion results from attraction between water molecules
B. a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant conditions constant
C. valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior
D. protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape
Correct Answer: A. cohesion results from attraction between water molecules
Rationale: The correct answer is that cohesion results from attraction between water molecules. That statement
accurately reflects the underlying biology of water, pH, acids, bases, and buffers; the other choices describe
different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
4. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing biological macromolecules. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. valence electrons largely determine an atom's bonding behavior
B. cohesion results from attraction between water molecules
C. protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape
D. a controlled experiment changes one main variable while holding relevant conditions constant
Correct Answer: C. protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape
Rationale: The correct answer is that protein function depends strongly on three-dimensional shape. That
statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of biological macromolecules; the other choices describe
different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
5. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
B. a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and signaling machinery
C. mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration
D. channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the membrane
Correct Answer: A. prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
Rationale: The correct answer is that prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a
nucleus. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; the other
,choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
6. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing cell organelles and intracellular trafficking. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
B. channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the membrane
C. a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and signaling machinery
D. mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration
Correct Answer: D. mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration
Rationale: The correct answer is that mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration. That
statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of cell organelles and intracellular trafficking; the other
choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
7. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing plasma membrane structure and transport. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration
B. a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and signaling machinery
C. channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the membrane
D. prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
Correct Answer: C. channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the membrane
Rationale: The correct answer is that channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the
membrane. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of plasma membrane structure and transport;
the other choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
8. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing cell signaling and receptors. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. channel and carrier proteins provide selective pathways across the membrane
B. a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and signaling machinery
C. prokaryotic DNA is located primarily in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
D. mitochondria produce most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration
Correct Answer: B. a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and signaling machinery
Rationale: The correct answer is that a cell responds to a signal only if it has the appropriate receptor and
signaling machinery. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of cell signaling and receptors; the
other choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
9. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing enzymes and metabolic regulation. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term energy-storage polymer
B. NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
C. chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons
D. enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy difference of a reaction
Correct Answer: D. enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy difference of a
reaction
Rationale: The correct answer is that enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy
difference of a reaction. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of enzymes and metabolic
regulation; the other choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
10. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing ATP and cellular energy. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term energy-storage polymer
B. NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
C. chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons
D. enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy difference of a reaction
Correct Answer: A. ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term energy-storage polymer
Rationale: The correct answer is that ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term
energy-storage polymer. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of ATP and cellular energy; the
other choices describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
11. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing cellular respiration. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
, A. chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons
B. NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
C. enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy difference of a reaction
D. ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term energy-storage polymer
Correct Answer: B. NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
Rationale: The correct answer is that NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport
chain. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of cellular respiration; the other choices describe
different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
12. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing photosynthesis. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. enzymes increase reaction rate but do not change the overall free-energy difference of a reaction
B. ATP acts as an energy-transfer molecule rather than a long-term energy-storage polymer
C. chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons
D. NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
Correct Answer: C. chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons
Rationale: The correct answer is that chlorophyll absorbs light energy used to excite electrons. That statement
accurately reflects the underlying biology of photosynthesis; the other choices describe different processes or
contain incorrect relationships.
13. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing DNA and RNA structure. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription
B. mitosis usually produces daughter cells genetically similar to the parent cell
C. phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand
D. meiosis involves one DNA replication followed by two nuclear divisions
Correct Answer: C. phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand
Rationale: The correct answer is that phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand. That
statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of DNA and RNA structure; the other choices describe
different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
14. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing DNA replication. Which comparison is
scientifically accurate?
A. phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand
B. base-pairing rules guide incorporation of complementary nucleotides during replication
C. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription
D. mitosis usually produces daughter cells genetically similar to the parent cell
Correct Answer: B. base-pairing rules guide incorporation of complementary nucleotides during replication
Rationale: The correct answer is that base-pairing rules guide incorporation of complementary nucleotides during
replication. That statement accurately reflects the underlying biology of DNA replication; the other choices
describe different processes or contain incorrect relationships.
15. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing transcription and translation. Which comparison
is scientifically accurate?
A. meiosis involves one DNA replication followed by two nuclear divisions
B. phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand
C. base-pairing rules guide incorporation of complementary nucleotides during replication
D. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription
Correct Answer: D. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription
Rationale: The correct answer is that RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription. That statement
accurately reflects the underlying biology of transcription and translation; the other choices describe different
processes or contain incorrect relationships.
16. A classmate makes four comparisons while reviewing cell cycle, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Which
comparison is scientifically accurate?
A. mitosis usually produces daughter cells genetically similar to the parent cell
B. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA during transcription
C. meiosis involves one DNA replication followed by two nuclear divisions
D. phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a nucleic-acid strand
