HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS: BLOOD FUNCTIONS,
TYPES, AND NURSING CARE |COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
WITH 100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS!
EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027
Duration: 2 Hours
Total Marks: 100
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, What are the primary functions of blood? Answer: Transportation of water, oxygen, nutrients,
hormones, enzymes, and medications; removal of carbon dioxide and waste products; regulation
of fluid volume, electrolyte distribution, pH, acid-base balance, and body temperature;
providing clotting factors for hemostasis.
What is the normal laboratory range of red blood cells (RBCs) for adults? Answer: 4.2 to 6.2
million/mm³.
What is the role of erythropoietin in blood cell production? Answer: Erythropoietin, produced
by the kidneys, stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow.
What is the lifespan of red blood cells? Answer: Approximately 120 days.
What is the normal laboratory range for hemoglobin in adults? Answer: 12 to 18 g/dL.
What are the components of blood? Answer: Plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%), which
include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
What are the main types of leukocytes? Answer: Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes).
What is the function of neutrophils? Answer: Neutrophils engulf and destroy bacteria through
phagocytosis.
What is the function of eosinophils? Answer: Eosinophils help detoxify foreign proteins and
increase in number during allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
What is the role of basophils in the immune response? Answer: Basophils release histamine in
response to allergens and help prevent clotting in small blood vessels.
What do lymphocytes do? Answer: Lymphocytes are involved in the immune response, with B
cells producing antibodies and T cells fighting antigens.
What is the function of platelets? Answer: Platelets promote clotting to prevent bleeding when
blood vessel walls are damaged.
What is the normal laboratory platelet count range for adults? Answer: 150,000 to
400,000/mm³.
What is the role of albumin in blood plasma? Answer: Albumin raises osmotic pressure at
capillary membranes, preventing fluid from leaking into tissue spaces.
What is the function of fibrinogen in blood? Answer: Fibrinogen is essential for the formation
of blood clots.
What is leukocytosis? Answer: An increased white blood cell count, often due to infection.
What are the common hematological disorders? Answer: Polycythemia Vera, Aplastic Anemia,
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia, Pernicious Anemia,
Thrombocytopenia, Multiple Myeloma, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
TYPES, AND NURSING CARE |COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
WITH 100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS!
EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027
Duration: 2 Hours
Total Marks: 100
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, What are the primary functions of blood? Answer: Transportation of water, oxygen, nutrients,
hormones, enzymes, and medications; removal of carbon dioxide and waste products; regulation
of fluid volume, electrolyte distribution, pH, acid-base balance, and body temperature;
providing clotting factors for hemostasis.
What is the normal laboratory range of red blood cells (RBCs) for adults? Answer: 4.2 to 6.2
million/mm³.
What is the role of erythropoietin in blood cell production? Answer: Erythropoietin, produced
by the kidneys, stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow.
What is the lifespan of red blood cells? Answer: Approximately 120 days.
What is the normal laboratory range for hemoglobin in adults? Answer: 12 to 18 g/dL.
What are the components of blood? Answer: Plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%), which
include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
What are the main types of leukocytes? Answer: Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes).
What is the function of neutrophils? Answer: Neutrophils engulf and destroy bacteria through
phagocytosis.
What is the function of eosinophils? Answer: Eosinophils help detoxify foreign proteins and
increase in number during allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
What is the role of basophils in the immune response? Answer: Basophils release histamine in
response to allergens and help prevent clotting in small blood vessels.
What do lymphocytes do? Answer: Lymphocytes are involved in the immune response, with B
cells producing antibodies and T cells fighting antigens.
What is the function of platelets? Answer: Platelets promote clotting to prevent bleeding when
blood vessel walls are damaged.
What is the normal laboratory platelet count range for adults? Answer: 150,000 to
400,000/mm³.
What is the role of albumin in blood plasma? Answer: Albumin raises osmotic pressure at
capillary membranes, preventing fluid from leaking into tissue spaces.
What is the function of fibrinogen in blood? Answer: Fibrinogen is essential for the formation
of blood clots.
What is leukocytosis? Answer: An increased white blood cell count, often due to infection.
What are the common hematological disorders? Answer: Polycythemia Vera, Aplastic Anemia,
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia, Pernicious Anemia,
Thrombocytopenia, Multiple Myeloma, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
