CPPS 304 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
●● What two systems does the ANS divide into
Answer: parasympathetic and sympathetic
●● How does the dominant tone of an organ affect drug response
Answer: the dominant tone of an organ indicates which branch of the
ANS (sympathetic or parasympathetic) is dominant/more active in that
organ
Drugs (especially antagonists) affecting the dominant tone will have a
more noticeable effect in that organ
●● example of a drug affecting the dominant tone of an organ
Answer: the parasympathetic system is most dominant in the GI tract
a cholinergic antagonist can induce a large reduction in peristaltic
activity and GI tract secretions (both parasympathetic actions)
●● Lengths of parasympathetic pre/post ganglion neurons
Answer: long pre ganglionic neurons
short post ganglionic neurons
ganglion basically at target tissue
,●● Lengths of sympathetic pre/post ganglion neurons
Answer: short pre ganglionic neurons
long post ganglionic neurons
ganglion at sympathetic chain
●● where do most of the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
originate from?
Answer: sympathetic: thoraco-lumbar
parasympathetic: cranio-sacral
●● What is the receptor type and NT used in parasympathetic neurons?
at ganglion:
at effector organ:
Answer: at ganglion: nicotinic cholinergic receptor, Ach
at effector organ: muscarinic cholinergic receptor, Ach
●● What is the receptor type and NT used in sympathetic neurons?
at ganglion:
at effector organ:
Answer: at ganglion: nicotinic cholinergic receptor, Ach
at effector organ: adrenergic receptor, NE (also E)
,●● what other body part is included in the sympathetic system? what
does it do?
Answer: the adrenal medulla
releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
●● Whaat are epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Answer: hormones and NT
●● What are some exceptions to the usual receptors/NT in the
sympathetic system? (2)
Answer: post ganglionic neurons that innervate sweat glands release Ach
onto muscarinic cholinergic receptors
some post ganglionic neurons that innervate smooth muscle/cardiac
muscle release Ach
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
eye
Answer: sympathetic: contraction of dilator papillae muscle (mydriasis)
parasympathetic: contraction of the sphincter papillae muscle (miosis),
contraction of ciliary muscle (lens accommodate for near vision)
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
lacrimal glands
, Answer: sympathetic: nothing
parasympathetic: stimulation of tears
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
salivary glands
Answer: sympathetic: thick, viscous secretions ("mouth goes dry")
parasympathetic: copious, watery secretion (for digestion)
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
trachea and bronchioles
Answer: sympathetic: dilation
parasympathetic: constriction, increased secretions
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
heart
Answer: sympathetic: increased rate; increased contractility
parasympathetic: decreased rate; decreased contractility
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
adrenal medulla
Answer: sympathetic: secretions of epinephrine and norepinephrine
parasympathetic: nothing
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
●● What two systems does the ANS divide into
Answer: parasympathetic and sympathetic
●● How does the dominant tone of an organ affect drug response
Answer: the dominant tone of an organ indicates which branch of the
ANS (sympathetic or parasympathetic) is dominant/more active in that
organ
Drugs (especially antagonists) affecting the dominant tone will have a
more noticeable effect in that organ
●● example of a drug affecting the dominant tone of an organ
Answer: the parasympathetic system is most dominant in the GI tract
a cholinergic antagonist can induce a large reduction in peristaltic
activity and GI tract secretions (both parasympathetic actions)
●● Lengths of parasympathetic pre/post ganglion neurons
Answer: long pre ganglionic neurons
short post ganglionic neurons
ganglion basically at target tissue
,●● Lengths of sympathetic pre/post ganglion neurons
Answer: short pre ganglionic neurons
long post ganglionic neurons
ganglion at sympathetic chain
●● where do most of the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
originate from?
Answer: sympathetic: thoraco-lumbar
parasympathetic: cranio-sacral
●● What is the receptor type and NT used in parasympathetic neurons?
at ganglion:
at effector organ:
Answer: at ganglion: nicotinic cholinergic receptor, Ach
at effector organ: muscarinic cholinergic receptor, Ach
●● What is the receptor type and NT used in sympathetic neurons?
at ganglion:
at effector organ:
Answer: at ganglion: nicotinic cholinergic receptor, Ach
at effector organ: adrenergic receptor, NE (also E)
,●● what other body part is included in the sympathetic system? what
does it do?
Answer: the adrenal medulla
releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
●● Whaat are epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Answer: hormones and NT
●● What are some exceptions to the usual receptors/NT in the
sympathetic system? (2)
Answer: post ganglionic neurons that innervate sweat glands release Ach
onto muscarinic cholinergic receptors
some post ganglionic neurons that innervate smooth muscle/cardiac
muscle release Ach
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
eye
Answer: sympathetic: contraction of dilator papillae muscle (mydriasis)
parasympathetic: contraction of the sphincter papillae muscle (miosis),
contraction of ciliary muscle (lens accommodate for near vision)
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
lacrimal glands
, Answer: sympathetic: nothing
parasympathetic: stimulation of tears
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
salivary glands
Answer: sympathetic: thick, viscous secretions ("mouth goes dry")
parasympathetic: copious, watery secretion (for digestion)
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
trachea and bronchioles
Answer: sympathetic: dilation
parasympathetic: constriction, increased secretions
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
heart
Answer: sympathetic: increased rate; increased contractility
parasympathetic: decreased rate; decreased contractility
●● What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems do in the
adrenal medulla
Answer: sympathetic: secretions of epinephrine and norepinephrine
parasympathetic: nothing
