NSG 100 EXAM 1 | UPDATED ACTUAL | COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
• Pharmacodynamics -✓✓ANSWER: The study of how a drug works on the body,
specifically its mechanism of action.
• Pharmacokinetics -✓✓ANSWER: The effect of the body on the drug,
encompassing absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
• Pharmacotherapeutics -✓✓ANSWER: The clinical purpose or therapeutic
indication for administering a specific drug.
• Pharmacokinetics: Absorption -✓✓ANSWER: The movement of a drug from its
administration site into circulating fluids and tissues.
• Pharmacokinetics: Distribution -✓✓ANSWER: The movement of a drug to body
tissues, influenced by circulation, membrane permeability, and protein binding.
• Primary Site of Drug Metabolism -✓✓ANSWER: The liver, where drug molecules
undergo biotransformation into chemical metabolites.
• Primary Site of Drug Excretion -✓✓ANSWER: The kidneys; secondary routes
include skin, lungs, saliva, bile, and feces.
• First-Pass Effect -✓✓ANSWER: Metabolism of oral drugs by liver enzymes before
reaching systemic circulation, requiring higher oral doses.
,• Drug Half-Life -✓✓ANSWER: The time required for total drug concentration in
the body to decrease by 50 percent.
• Short vs. Long Half-Life Implications -✓✓ANSWER: Short half-life drugs require
frequent dosing; long half-life drugs persist longer and increase toxicity risk.
• Therapeutic Range -✓✓ANSWER: The plasma drug concentration required to
produce the desired clinical effect safely.
• Peak and Trough Levels -✓✓ANSWER: Peak is maximum concentration (highest
toxicity risk); trough is minimum concentration (determines next dose timing).
• Absorption Rates by Route -✓✓ANSWER: Fastest to slowest: IV (5 min) → IM
(20-30 min) → SubQ (30 min) → Oral (60 min).
• Handling Sustained-Release Medications -✓✓ANSWER: Do not crush or chew, as
rapid release causes overly fast absorption and potential toxicity.
• Infant Blood-Brain Barrier -✓✓ANSWER: Less developed and more permeable
than adults, allowing higher drug entry into brain tissue.
• Liver Function Tests (LFTs) -✓✓ANSWER: Lab tests monitored to ensure proper
hepatic metabolism and prevent toxic drug accumulation.
, • Renal Function Lab Values -✓✓ANSWER: BUN, serum creatinine, and GFR
(normal GFR ~60 mL/min); impaired levels signal risk of drug toxicity.
• Teratogenic Drugs -✓✓ANSWER: Agents causing fetal developmental harm or
structural defects, highest risk occurring during the first trimester.
• Medication Timing for Lactating Patients -✓✓ANSWER: Administer drugs
immediately after breastfeeding to minimize drug exposure during subsequent
feedings.
• Neonatal Gastric Physiology -✓✓ANSWER: Gastric emptying is delayed and
gastric pH is elevated compared to adult baselines.
• Neonatal and Infant IM Absorption -✓✓ANSWER: Erratic and delayed in
neonates due to low muscle perfusion; increased in older infants relative to
adults.
• Neonatal Body Composition Impact -✓✓ANSWER: Higher total body water and
lower body fat alter volume of distribution for hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
• Pediatric Hepatic Metabolism Peak -✓✓ANSWER: Enzymatic drug metabolism
peaks between ages 1-2 years before gradually declining to adult levels by age 12.
• Pediatric IM Administration Site -✓✓ANSWER: The vastus lateralis muscle is the
primary injection site for newborns, infants, and toddlers up to age 3.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
• Pharmacodynamics -✓✓ANSWER: The study of how a drug works on the body,
specifically its mechanism of action.
• Pharmacokinetics -✓✓ANSWER: The effect of the body on the drug,
encompassing absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
• Pharmacotherapeutics -✓✓ANSWER: The clinical purpose or therapeutic
indication for administering a specific drug.
• Pharmacokinetics: Absorption -✓✓ANSWER: The movement of a drug from its
administration site into circulating fluids and tissues.
• Pharmacokinetics: Distribution -✓✓ANSWER: The movement of a drug to body
tissues, influenced by circulation, membrane permeability, and protein binding.
• Primary Site of Drug Metabolism -✓✓ANSWER: The liver, where drug molecules
undergo biotransformation into chemical metabolites.
• Primary Site of Drug Excretion -✓✓ANSWER: The kidneys; secondary routes
include skin, lungs, saliva, bile, and feces.
• First-Pass Effect -✓✓ANSWER: Metabolism of oral drugs by liver enzymes before
reaching systemic circulation, requiring higher oral doses.
,• Drug Half-Life -✓✓ANSWER: The time required for total drug concentration in
the body to decrease by 50 percent.
• Short vs. Long Half-Life Implications -✓✓ANSWER: Short half-life drugs require
frequent dosing; long half-life drugs persist longer and increase toxicity risk.
• Therapeutic Range -✓✓ANSWER: The plasma drug concentration required to
produce the desired clinical effect safely.
• Peak and Trough Levels -✓✓ANSWER: Peak is maximum concentration (highest
toxicity risk); trough is minimum concentration (determines next dose timing).
• Absorption Rates by Route -✓✓ANSWER: Fastest to slowest: IV (5 min) → IM
(20-30 min) → SubQ (30 min) → Oral (60 min).
• Handling Sustained-Release Medications -✓✓ANSWER: Do not crush or chew, as
rapid release causes overly fast absorption and potential toxicity.
• Infant Blood-Brain Barrier -✓✓ANSWER: Less developed and more permeable
than adults, allowing higher drug entry into brain tissue.
• Liver Function Tests (LFTs) -✓✓ANSWER: Lab tests monitored to ensure proper
hepatic metabolism and prevent toxic drug accumulation.
, • Renal Function Lab Values -✓✓ANSWER: BUN, serum creatinine, and GFR
(normal GFR ~60 mL/min); impaired levels signal risk of drug toxicity.
• Teratogenic Drugs -✓✓ANSWER: Agents causing fetal developmental harm or
structural defects, highest risk occurring during the first trimester.
• Medication Timing for Lactating Patients -✓✓ANSWER: Administer drugs
immediately after breastfeeding to minimize drug exposure during subsequent
feedings.
• Neonatal Gastric Physiology -✓✓ANSWER: Gastric emptying is delayed and
gastric pH is elevated compared to adult baselines.
• Neonatal and Infant IM Absorption -✓✓ANSWER: Erratic and delayed in
neonates due to low muscle perfusion; increased in older infants relative to
adults.
• Neonatal Body Composition Impact -✓✓ANSWER: Higher total body water and
lower body fat alter volume of distribution for hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
• Pediatric Hepatic Metabolism Peak -✓✓ANSWER: Enzymatic drug metabolism
peaks between ages 1-2 years before gradually declining to adult levels by age 12.
• Pediatric IM Administration Site -✓✓ANSWER: The vastus lateralis muscle is the
primary injection site for newborns, infants, and toddlers up to age 3.
