Robbins Pathology QBank 10th
Edition – Chapterwise MCQs,
Answers & Detailed Rationales
Guaranteed Pass (GRADED A+)
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase
in the size of individual cells resulting from increased
workload?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: _C. Hypertrophy_
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size that results in
enlargement of the affected organ or tissue. It commonly occurs
in tissues with limited ability to divide, such as cardiac muscle.
2. A patient develops skeletal muscle enlargement after
resistance training. Which cellular process primarily
accounts for this change?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
,C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: _B. Hypertrophy_
Rationale: Increased mechanical workload stimulates synthesis
of structural proteins and increases the size of individual
skeletal muscle fibers, producing hypertrophy.
3. Which finding is most characteristic of reversible cell
injury?
A. Nuclear fragmentation
B. Cellular swelling
C. Complete membrane rupture
D. Extensive enzymatic digestion
Answer: _B. Cellular swelling**_
Rationale: Cellular swelling is a common early manifestation of
reversible injury caused by failure of energy-dependent ion
pumps and accumulation of sodium and water within cells.
4. Which organelle is particularly vulnerable to hypoxic
injury because of its dependence on oxidative
phosphorylation?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
,C. Mitochondrion
D. Peroxisome
Answer: _C. Mitochondrion**_
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation and are therefore highly affected by oxygen
deprivation.
5. What is the most important consequence of decreased
intracellular ATP during early ischemic injury?
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
C. Increased oxidative phosphorylation
D. Increased DNA replication
Answer: _B. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump**_
Rationale: ATP depletion impairs the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, causing
intracellular sodium and water accumulation and resulting in
cellular swelling.
6. Which type of necrosis is classically associated with
myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive
B. Caseous
C. Coagulative
D. Fat
, Answer: _C. Coagulative**_
Rationale: Ischemic injury in most solid organs, including the
heart, produces coagulative necrosis. The tissue architecture
remains recognizable for a period despite cell death.
7. Liquefactive necrosis is most commonly associated with
which condition?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Cerebral infarction
C. Renal infarction
D. Splenic infarction
Answer: _B. Cerebral infarction**_
Rationale: Brain infarctions characteristically undergo
liquefactive necrosis because enzymatic digestion rapidly
transforms dead tissue into a liquid mass.
8. Which type of necrosis produces a cheese-like appearance
and is characteristic of tuberculosis?
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Caseous
D. Fibrinoid
Answer: _C. Caseous**_
Edition – Chapterwise MCQs,
Answers & Detailed Rationales
Guaranteed Pass (GRADED A+)
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase
in the size of individual cells resulting from increased
workload?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: _C. Hypertrophy_
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size that results in
enlargement of the affected organ or tissue. It commonly occurs
in tissues with limited ability to divide, such as cardiac muscle.
2. A patient develops skeletal muscle enlargement after
resistance training. Which cellular process primarily
accounts for this change?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
,C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: _B. Hypertrophy_
Rationale: Increased mechanical workload stimulates synthesis
of structural proteins and increases the size of individual
skeletal muscle fibers, producing hypertrophy.
3. Which finding is most characteristic of reversible cell
injury?
A. Nuclear fragmentation
B. Cellular swelling
C. Complete membrane rupture
D. Extensive enzymatic digestion
Answer: _B. Cellular swelling**_
Rationale: Cellular swelling is a common early manifestation of
reversible injury caused by failure of energy-dependent ion
pumps and accumulation of sodium and water within cells.
4. Which organelle is particularly vulnerable to hypoxic
injury because of its dependence on oxidative
phosphorylation?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
,C. Mitochondrion
D. Peroxisome
Answer: _C. Mitochondrion**_
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation and are therefore highly affected by oxygen
deprivation.
5. What is the most important consequence of decreased
intracellular ATP during early ischemic injury?
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
C. Increased oxidative phosphorylation
D. Increased DNA replication
Answer: _B. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump**_
Rationale: ATP depletion impairs the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, causing
intracellular sodium and water accumulation and resulting in
cellular swelling.
6. Which type of necrosis is classically associated with
myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive
B. Caseous
C. Coagulative
D. Fat
, Answer: _C. Coagulative**_
Rationale: Ischemic injury in most solid organs, including the
heart, produces coagulative necrosis. The tissue architecture
remains recognizable for a period despite cell death.
7. Liquefactive necrosis is most commonly associated with
which condition?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Cerebral infarction
C. Renal infarction
D. Splenic infarction
Answer: _B. Cerebral infarction**_
Rationale: Brain infarctions characteristically undergo
liquefactive necrosis because enzymatic digestion rapidly
transforms dead tissue into a liquid mass.
8. Which type of necrosis produces a cheese-like appearance
and is characteristic of tuberculosis?
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Caseous
D. Fibrinoid
Answer: _C. Caseous**_
