Page 1 of 43
TEST BANK FOR OPENSTAX PSYCHOLOGY 2E GUIDELINES AND
DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
Which of the following best defines psychology according to the OpenStax text?
A. The study of the soul and spiritual consciousness
B. The scientific study of the mind and behavior
C. The clinical treatment of abnormal mental processes
D. The biological analysis of brain chemistry and structures
Answer: B
Wilhelm Wundt is credited as one of the founders of psychology and used a method
called "introspection" to identify the components of consciousness. This
perspective is known as:
A. Functionalism
B. Behaviorism
C. Structuralism
D. Psychoanalytic Theory
Answer: C
William James's functionalism was heavily influenced by which scientific theory?
A. Newton's Laws of Motion
B. Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
C. Dalton's Atomic Theory
D. Einstein's Theory of Relativity
Answer: B
A researcher is interested in how the "whole" of a person's experience is different
from the sum of its individual parts. This researcher most likely follows which
school of thought?
A. Gestalt Psychology
B. Structuralism
C. Behaviorism
D. Biopsychology
Answer: A
,Page 2 of 43
Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the
development of the "hierarchy of needs" and the humanistic perspective?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Abraham Maslow
D. Noam Chomsky
Answer: C
A psychologist who works in the legal system, providing expert testimony on eye-
witness accuracy and jury selection, is specializing in which subfield?
A. Counseling Psychology
B. Forensic Psychology
C. Health Psychology
D. Developmental Psychology
Answer: B
Who is considered the father of psychology and established the first psychology
laboratory in 1879?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. William James
C. Wilhelm Wundt
D. John B. Watson
Answer: C
The structuralist school of psychology, led by Edward Titchener, used which method
to study the elements of consciousness?
A. Free association
B. Psychoanalysis
C. Introspection
D. Naturalistic observation
Answer: C
Which early school of psychology, influenced by Charles Darwin, focused on how
mental and behavioral processes enable adaptation and survival?
A. Behaviorism
B. Functionalism
C. Humanism
D. Gestalt
Answer: B
A psychologist who believes that behavior is primarily influenced by unconscious
drives and early childhood experiences is likely aligned with which perspective?
A. Behaviorism
B. Psychoanalytic (psychodynamic)
C. Cognitive
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D. Humanistic
Answer: B
The cognitive revolution in psychology was a shift away from behaviorism and
toward the study of:
A. Observable actions
B. The unconscious mind
C. Mental processes like memory and problem solving
D. The influence of social groups
Answer: C
Dr. Kline studies how people change from infancy through late adulthood. She is
most likely a ______ psychologist.
A. clinical
B. developmental
C. social
D. industrial-organizational
Answer: B
A researcher wants to determine whether there is a relationship between hours of
sleep and academic performance. Which research method is most appropriate?
A. Experiment
B. Case study
C. Correlational study
D. Naturalistic observation
Answer: C
In an experiment, the variable that the researcher manipulates is the ______ variable,
and the variable measured for change is the ______ variable.
A. dependent; independent
B. independent; dependent
C. control; experimental
D. confounding; dependent
Answer: B
A negative correlation between stress and immune function means that:
A. As stress increases, immune function increases.
B. As stress increases, immune function decreases.
C. Stress causes immune function to drop.
D. There is no relationship between the two.
Answer: B
During the "Cognitive Revolution" in the 1950s, psychologists shifted their focus
back to the mind, largely due to the influence of which other emerging field?
A. Chemistry
B. Computer Science
, Page 4 of 43
C. Geology
D. Sociology
Answer: B
A researcher wants to study why humans are more likely to fear snakes than flowers,
even if they have never encountered either. This researcher is likely adopting the
perspective of:
A. Evolutionary Psychology
B. Behavioral Psychology
C. Humanistic Psychology
D. Multicultural Psychology
Answer: A
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the focus of Social Psychology?
A. Testing a new medication for schizophrenia
B. Measuring the memory span of children versus adults
C. Observing how an individual’s behavior changes when they are in a large
crowd
D. Analyzing the neural pathways involved in vision
Answer: C
In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this
particular area of study?
A. It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those
differences occur.
B. It ignores the relative importance of White psychologists to the larger field.
C. It is biased by serious political agendas among its researchers.
D. There are not enough non-White researchers engaged in data collection.
Answer: A
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest
perspective listed first.
A. humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism
B. humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism
C. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism
D. structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism
Answer: C
What three features are central to Carl Rogers's client-centered therapy?
Answer: Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness
The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.
A. circular
B. iterative
C. iatrogenic
TEST BANK FOR OPENSTAX PSYCHOLOGY 2E GUIDELINES AND
DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
Which of the following best defines psychology according to the OpenStax text?
A. The study of the soul and spiritual consciousness
B. The scientific study of the mind and behavior
C. The clinical treatment of abnormal mental processes
D. The biological analysis of brain chemistry and structures
Answer: B
Wilhelm Wundt is credited as one of the founders of psychology and used a method
called "introspection" to identify the components of consciousness. This
perspective is known as:
A. Functionalism
B. Behaviorism
C. Structuralism
D. Psychoanalytic Theory
Answer: C
William James's functionalism was heavily influenced by which scientific theory?
A. Newton's Laws of Motion
B. Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
C. Dalton's Atomic Theory
D. Einstein's Theory of Relativity
Answer: B
A researcher is interested in how the "whole" of a person's experience is different
from the sum of its individual parts. This researcher most likely follows which
school of thought?
A. Gestalt Psychology
B. Structuralism
C. Behaviorism
D. Biopsychology
Answer: A
,Page 2 of 43
Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the
development of the "hierarchy of needs" and the humanistic perspective?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Abraham Maslow
D. Noam Chomsky
Answer: C
A psychologist who works in the legal system, providing expert testimony on eye-
witness accuracy and jury selection, is specializing in which subfield?
A. Counseling Psychology
B. Forensic Psychology
C. Health Psychology
D. Developmental Psychology
Answer: B
Who is considered the father of psychology and established the first psychology
laboratory in 1879?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. William James
C. Wilhelm Wundt
D. John B. Watson
Answer: C
The structuralist school of psychology, led by Edward Titchener, used which method
to study the elements of consciousness?
A. Free association
B. Psychoanalysis
C. Introspection
D. Naturalistic observation
Answer: C
Which early school of psychology, influenced by Charles Darwin, focused on how
mental and behavioral processes enable adaptation and survival?
A. Behaviorism
B. Functionalism
C. Humanism
D. Gestalt
Answer: B
A psychologist who believes that behavior is primarily influenced by unconscious
drives and early childhood experiences is likely aligned with which perspective?
A. Behaviorism
B. Psychoanalytic (psychodynamic)
C. Cognitive
,Page 3 of 43
D. Humanistic
Answer: B
The cognitive revolution in psychology was a shift away from behaviorism and
toward the study of:
A. Observable actions
B. The unconscious mind
C. Mental processes like memory and problem solving
D. The influence of social groups
Answer: C
Dr. Kline studies how people change from infancy through late adulthood. She is
most likely a ______ psychologist.
A. clinical
B. developmental
C. social
D. industrial-organizational
Answer: B
A researcher wants to determine whether there is a relationship between hours of
sleep and academic performance. Which research method is most appropriate?
A. Experiment
B. Case study
C. Correlational study
D. Naturalistic observation
Answer: C
In an experiment, the variable that the researcher manipulates is the ______ variable,
and the variable measured for change is the ______ variable.
A. dependent; independent
B. independent; dependent
C. control; experimental
D. confounding; dependent
Answer: B
A negative correlation between stress and immune function means that:
A. As stress increases, immune function increases.
B. As stress increases, immune function decreases.
C. Stress causes immune function to drop.
D. There is no relationship between the two.
Answer: B
During the "Cognitive Revolution" in the 1950s, psychologists shifted their focus
back to the mind, largely due to the influence of which other emerging field?
A. Chemistry
B. Computer Science
, Page 4 of 43
C. Geology
D. Sociology
Answer: B
A researcher wants to study why humans are more likely to fear snakes than flowers,
even if they have never encountered either. This researcher is likely adopting the
perspective of:
A. Evolutionary Psychology
B. Behavioral Psychology
C. Humanistic Psychology
D. Multicultural Psychology
Answer: A
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the focus of Social Psychology?
A. Testing a new medication for schizophrenia
B. Measuring the memory span of children versus adults
C. Observing how an individual’s behavior changes when they are in a large
crowd
D. Analyzing the neural pathways involved in vision
Answer: C
In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this
particular area of study?
A. It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those
differences occur.
B. It ignores the relative importance of White psychologists to the larger field.
C. It is biased by serious political agendas among its researchers.
D. There are not enough non-White researchers engaged in data collection.
Answer: A
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest
perspective listed first.
A. humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism
B. humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism
C. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism
D. structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism
Answer: C
What three features are central to Carl Rogers's client-centered therapy?
Answer: Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness
The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.
A. circular
B. iterative
C. iatrogenic
