NURS 314: Health Promotion In Nursing — Midterm
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
What is included in clinical preventative services? - ANSWER Screening tests,
behavioral change counseling, preventative medications, information/education
What does USPSTF grade A mean? - ANSWER The USPSTF recommends the
service. High certainty of substantial net benefit.
What does USPSTF grade B mean? - ANSWER The USPSTF recommends the
service. There is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate, or there is moderate
certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial.
What does USPSTF grade C mean? - ANSWER The USPSTF recommends selectively
offering or providing the service to individual patients based on professional judgement
& patient preferences. There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small.
What does USPSTF grade D mean? - ANSWER The USPSTF recommends against the
service. There is moderate or high certainty that the service has no net benefit or that
the harms outweigh the benefits.
What does USPSTF grade I mean? - ANSWER The USPSTF concludes that the
current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the
service. Evidence is lacking, or poor quality, or conflicting, and the balance of benefits
and harms cannot be determined. (Low certainty about net benefit.)
What are the top-ranked clinical preventative services for the U.S. population (USPSTF
grade A)? - ANSWER 1. Colorectal cancer screening for all adults age 50 to 75.
2. Hypertension screening in a clinical setting for all adults age 18 and older.
3. Assess tobacco use & provide cessation support for all adults at every healthcare
interaction.
4. Cervical cancer screening w/ cervical cytology every 3 years for all women age 21 to
29. For women age 30 to 65 years, interval may be extended to every 5 years if
screening is performed with high-risk HPV testing or both HPV testing & cytology.
,What are some examples of primary prevention measures? - ANSWER Anything that
aims to prevent disease before it happens, such as vaccines, risk assessments &
prophylactic medications
What are some examples of secondary prevention interventions? - ANSWER Anything
aimed at identifying disease before problems become serious, such as exams &
screening tests
What are some examples of tertiary prevention interventions? - ANSWER Anything
aimed at preventing further complications of disease, such as rehabilitation & disease
management programs
What is the California Nursing Practice Act? - ANSWER Laws governing all aspects of
nursing in the state in order to regulate and protect the public
What are the functions of the California Nursing Practice Act? - ANSWER 1. Defines
licensing requirements & scope of practice for RNs
2. Sets out basis of disciplinary actions against RNs
3. Creates standards for nursing schools & businesses
4. And much more
What mandatory data points does the ASCVD Risk Estimator use? - ANSWER 1. Age
2. Gender
3. Race (white, black, other)
4. Systolic & diastolic BP
5. Total & HDL cholesterol
6. DM
7. tobacco use
8. Current HTN Tx
What optional data points does the ASCVD Risk Estimator use? - ANSWER 1. LDL
cholesterol
2. Current statin therapy
3. Current aspirin therapy
How do you calculate LDL? - ANSWER 3/4 (total cholesterol - HDL)
What are the primary risk factors for ASCVD? - ANSWER 1. Age — risk increases with
age
2. Gender — men at greater risk
3. Race (white, black, other) — higher risks for POC r/t social determinants of health
4. Systolic & diastolic BP — HTN is the biggest risk factor
5. Total & HDL cholesterol — aim for total < 200mg/dL (high > 240 mg/dL), HDL > 60
mg/dL (low < 40 mg/dL)
6. Diabetes
7. Tobacco use — risk of heart failure similar to non-smokers after 15 years abstinence
, What are the top 4 risk factors for ASCVD? - ANSWER 1. Smoking
2. Diabetes
3. Hypertension
4. Dyslipidemia
What are other ASCVD risk factors? - ANSWER 1. Overweight & obesity
2. Metabolic syndrome
3. Use of birth control pills
4. Lack of physical activity
5. Poor diet
6. Stress or depression
7. Anemia, sleep apnea
8. Family Hx ASCVD
9. CKD or inflammatory conditions (psoriasis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV)
10. Hx premature menopause or pre-eclampsia
Define metabolic syndrome. - ANSWER 3 or more of the following:
—increased waist circumference (>40" for men, >35" for women)
—elevated triglycerides (>175 mg/dL)
—elevated BP (systolic >130 and/or diastolic >85)
—reduced HDL (<40 mg/dL for men, <50 mg/dL for women)]
—elevated fasting blood glucose (>100 mg/dL)
What are the dietary interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk? - ANSWER 1. Diet
emphasizing vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains & fish
2. Replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats
3. Reduce sodium intake (<2300 mg/day)
4. Minimize intake of processed meats, refined carbohydrates & sweetened beverages
5. Avoid trans fats
What are the exercise interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk? - ANSWER 1. At
least 150 min of moderate-intensity or 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic physicals
activity per week
**any activity better than none for individuals unable to meet this recommendation
2. Moderate- to vigorous-intensity resistance training at least twice a week
3. Decrease sedentary behavior
What are the body weight interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk? - ANSWER
Weight loss (5-10%) for overweight & obese individuals (BMI 25 and up)
**5% or more lost = clinically meaningful
—requires counseling, calorie restriction, and exercise
—keep waist circumference under 40" for men & 35" for women
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
What is included in clinical preventative services? - ANSWER Screening tests,
behavioral change counseling, preventative medications, information/education
What does USPSTF grade A mean? - ANSWER The USPSTF recommends the
service. High certainty of substantial net benefit.
What does USPSTF grade B mean? - ANSWER The USPSTF recommends the
service. There is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate, or there is moderate
certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial.
What does USPSTF grade C mean? - ANSWER The USPSTF recommends selectively
offering or providing the service to individual patients based on professional judgement
& patient preferences. There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small.
What does USPSTF grade D mean? - ANSWER The USPSTF recommends against the
service. There is moderate or high certainty that the service has no net benefit or that
the harms outweigh the benefits.
What does USPSTF grade I mean? - ANSWER The USPSTF concludes that the
current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the
service. Evidence is lacking, or poor quality, or conflicting, and the balance of benefits
and harms cannot be determined. (Low certainty about net benefit.)
What are the top-ranked clinical preventative services for the U.S. population (USPSTF
grade A)? - ANSWER 1. Colorectal cancer screening for all adults age 50 to 75.
2. Hypertension screening in a clinical setting for all adults age 18 and older.
3. Assess tobacco use & provide cessation support for all adults at every healthcare
interaction.
4. Cervical cancer screening w/ cervical cytology every 3 years for all women age 21 to
29. For women age 30 to 65 years, interval may be extended to every 5 years if
screening is performed with high-risk HPV testing or both HPV testing & cytology.
,What are some examples of primary prevention measures? - ANSWER Anything that
aims to prevent disease before it happens, such as vaccines, risk assessments &
prophylactic medications
What are some examples of secondary prevention interventions? - ANSWER Anything
aimed at identifying disease before problems become serious, such as exams &
screening tests
What are some examples of tertiary prevention interventions? - ANSWER Anything
aimed at preventing further complications of disease, such as rehabilitation & disease
management programs
What is the California Nursing Practice Act? - ANSWER Laws governing all aspects of
nursing in the state in order to regulate and protect the public
What are the functions of the California Nursing Practice Act? - ANSWER 1. Defines
licensing requirements & scope of practice for RNs
2. Sets out basis of disciplinary actions against RNs
3. Creates standards for nursing schools & businesses
4. And much more
What mandatory data points does the ASCVD Risk Estimator use? - ANSWER 1. Age
2. Gender
3. Race (white, black, other)
4. Systolic & diastolic BP
5. Total & HDL cholesterol
6. DM
7. tobacco use
8. Current HTN Tx
What optional data points does the ASCVD Risk Estimator use? - ANSWER 1. LDL
cholesterol
2. Current statin therapy
3. Current aspirin therapy
How do you calculate LDL? - ANSWER 3/4 (total cholesterol - HDL)
What are the primary risk factors for ASCVD? - ANSWER 1. Age — risk increases with
age
2. Gender — men at greater risk
3. Race (white, black, other) — higher risks for POC r/t social determinants of health
4. Systolic & diastolic BP — HTN is the biggest risk factor
5. Total & HDL cholesterol — aim for total < 200mg/dL (high > 240 mg/dL), HDL > 60
mg/dL (low < 40 mg/dL)
6. Diabetes
7. Tobacco use — risk of heart failure similar to non-smokers after 15 years abstinence
, What are the top 4 risk factors for ASCVD? - ANSWER 1. Smoking
2. Diabetes
3. Hypertension
4. Dyslipidemia
What are other ASCVD risk factors? - ANSWER 1. Overweight & obesity
2. Metabolic syndrome
3. Use of birth control pills
4. Lack of physical activity
5. Poor diet
6. Stress or depression
7. Anemia, sleep apnea
8. Family Hx ASCVD
9. CKD or inflammatory conditions (psoriasis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV)
10. Hx premature menopause or pre-eclampsia
Define metabolic syndrome. - ANSWER 3 or more of the following:
—increased waist circumference (>40" for men, >35" for women)
—elevated triglycerides (>175 mg/dL)
—elevated BP (systolic >130 and/or diastolic >85)
—reduced HDL (<40 mg/dL for men, <50 mg/dL for women)]
—elevated fasting blood glucose (>100 mg/dL)
What are the dietary interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk? - ANSWER 1. Diet
emphasizing vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains & fish
2. Replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats
3. Reduce sodium intake (<2300 mg/day)
4. Minimize intake of processed meats, refined carbohydrates & sweetened beverages
5. Avoid trans fats
What are the exercise interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk? - ANSWER 1. At
least 150 min of moderate-intensity or 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic physicals
activity per week
**any activity better than none for individuals unable to meet this recommendation
2. Moderate- to vigorous-intensity resistance training at least twice a week
3. Decrease sedentary behavior
What are the body weight interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk? - ANSWER
Weight loss (5-10%) for overweight & obese individuals (BMI 25 and up)
**5% or more lost = clinically meaningful
—requires counseling, calorie restriction, and exercise
—keep waist circumference under 40" for men & 35" for women
