NSG6005 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM 4 SOUTH UNIVERSITY
(CORRECT Q & A) SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED
1. A patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed Carvedilol. Which of the following is a
primary physiological effect of this medication?
A. Selective blockade of beta-2 receptors leading to bronchodilation
B. Non-selective beta blockade and alpha-1 blockade reducing systemic vascular resistance
C. Direct stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
D. Inhibition of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker that also possesses
alpha-1 blocking activity, which reduces peripheral vascular resistance and decreases
myocardial oxygen demand.
2. When prescribing an ACE inhibitor such as Lisinopril, which mechanism is responsible for
the common side effect of a dry, non-productive cough?
A. Increased production of angiotensin II in the lungs
B. Accumulation of bradykinin and substance P in the upper airways
,C. Direct irritation of the pleural lining
D. Rapid decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin and
substance P. The accumulation of these substances in the respiratory tract leads to the
characteristic dry cough.
3. A patient is started on Atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. Which laboratory test must be
monitored specifically if the patient reports unexplained muscle pain or weakness?
A. Creatine Kinase (CK)
B. Serum Albumin
C. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
D. Amylase
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Muscle pain or weakness in a patient taking statins may indicate
rhabdomyolysis or myopathy; elevated Creatine Kinase (CK) levels confirm muscle injury.
4. What is the target International Normalized Ratio (INR) for a patient being treated with
Warfarin for a mechanical prosthetic heart valve?
A. 1.5 to 2.0
B. 2.0 to 3.0
, C. 4.0 to 5.0
D. 2.5 to 3.5
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For mechanical heart valves, a higher intensity of
anticoagulation is required, typically an INR range of 2.5 to 3.5, compared to the 2.0-3.0
range used for atrial fibrillation.
5. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of Heparin?
A. It binds to antithrombin III, accelerating the inactivation of thrombin and factor Xa
B. It inhibits the synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
C. It directly blocks the P2Y12 receptor on platelets
D. It activates plasminogen to convert to plasmin
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Heparin works by potentiating the action of antithrombin III,
which in turn inactivates thrombin (factor IIa) and factor Xa.
6. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below what
level due to the risk of lactic acidosis?
A. 60 mL/min/1.73m²
B. 45 mL/min/1.73m²
C. 15 mL/min/1.73m²
EXAM 4 SOUTH UNIVERSITY
(CORRECT Q & A) SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED
1. A patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed Carvedilol. Which of the following is a
primary physiological effect of this medication?
A. Selective blockade of beta-2 receptors leading to bronchodilation
B. Non-selective beta blockade and alpha-1 blockade reducing systemic vascular resistance
C. Direct stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
D. Inhibition of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker that also possesses
alpha-1 blocking activity, which reduces peripheral vascular resistance and decreases
myocardial oxygen demand.
2. When prescribing an ACE inhibitor such as Lisinopril, which mechanism is responsible for
the common side effect of a dry, non-productive cough?
A. Increased production of angiotensin II in the lungs
B. Accumulation of bradykinin and substance P in the upper airways
,C. Direct irritation of the pleural lining
D. Rapid decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin and
substance P. The accumulation of these substances in the respiratory tract leads to the
characteristic dry cough.
3. A patient is started on Atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. Which laboratory test must be
monitored specifically if the patient reports unexplained muscle pain or weakness?
A. Creatine Kinase (CK)
B. Serum Albumin
C. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
D. Amylase
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Muscle pain or weakness in a patient taking statins may indicate
rhabdomyolysis or myopathy; elevated Creatine Kinase (CK) levels confirm muscle injury.
4. What is the target International Normalized Ratio (INR) for a patient being treated with
Warfarin for a mechanical prosthetic heart valve?
A. 1.5 to 2.0
B. 2.0 to 3.0
, C. 4.0 to 5.0
D. 2.5 to 3.5
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For mechanical heart valves, a higher intensity of
anticoagulation is required, typically an INR range of 2.5 to 3.5, compared to the 2.0-3.0
range used for atrial fibrillation.
5. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of Heparin?
A. It binds to antithrombin III, accelerating the inactivation of thrombin and factor Xa
B. It inhibits the synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
C. It directly blocks the P2Y12 receptor on platelets
D. It activates plasminogen to convert to plasmin
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Heparin works by potentiating the action of antithrombin III,
which in turn inactivates thrombin (factor IIa) and factor Xa.
6. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below what
level due to the risk of lactic acidosis?
A. 60 mL/min/1.73m²
B. 45 mL/min/1.73m²
C. 15 mL/min/1.73m²
