NSG6005 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
PRACTICE EXAM 2026/2027 SOUTH
UNIVERSITY (CORRECT Q & A)
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
1. A patient is prescribed a drug with a high volume of distribution (Vd). Which of the
following statements is correct regarding this drug?
A. The drug is extensively distributed into tissues.
B. The drug is likely highly bound to plasma proteins.
C. The drug remains primarily in the intravascular space.
D. A lower loading dose is required to achieve therapeutic levels.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A high volume of distribution indicates that the drug is lipid-
soluble and penetrates deeply into peripheral tissues rather than remaining in the plasma.
2. Which pharmacokinetic process is most significantly affected by the first-pass effect?
A. Distribution
B. Excretion
C. Bioavailability
D. Absorption
,Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is metabolized by the
liver before reaching systemic circulation, thereby reducing the bioavailability of the drug.
3. A patient with a history of heart failure is started on a Beta-blocker. Which physiological
effect is the practitioner targeting?
A. Increased renin release
B. Peripheral vasoconstriction
C. Reduction in myocardial oxygen demand
D. Increased sinus node firing rate
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate and contractility, which
reduces the workload and oxygen demand of the myocardium in heart failure patients.
4. A patient taking Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes is scheduled for an elective CT scan with IV
contrast. What is the standard recommendation?
A. Double the dose on the day of the procedure.
B. Discontinue Metformin at the time of the procedure and hold for 48 hours.
C. Hold Metformin 48 hours before and after the scan.
D. No change in dosing is required for elective scans.
Answer: B
, Conceptual Explanation: Metformin should be held at the time of or prior to the
procedure and withheld for 48 hours after to prevent lactic acidosis in case of contrast-
induced renal failure.
5. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors?
A. Reducing glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules
B. Stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
C. Increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle tissue
D. Delaying carbohydrate absorption in the GI tract
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors block the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in
the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion.
6. A patient develops a dry, non-productive cough after starting Lisinopril. This is caused by
an accumulation of which substance?
A. Angiotensin II
B. Bradykinin
C. Renin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: B
PRACTICE EXAM 2026/2027 SOUTH
UNIVERSITY (CORRECT Q & A)
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
1. A patient is prescribed a drug with a high volume of distribution (Vd). Which of the
following statements is correct regarding this drug?
A. The drug is extensively distributed into tissues.
B. The drug is likely highly bound to plasma proteins.
C. The drug remains primarily in the intravascular space.
D. A lower loading dose is required to achieve therapeutic levels.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A high volume of distribution indicates that the drug is lipid-
soluble and penetrates deeply into peripheral tissues rather than remaining in the plasma.
2. Which pharmacokinetic process is most significantly affected by the first-pass effect?
A. Distribution
B. Excretion
C. Bioavailability
D. Absorption
,Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is metabolized by the
liver before reaching systemic circulation, thereby reducing the bioavailability of the drug.
3. A patient with a history of heart failure is started on a Beta-blocker. Which physiological
effect is the practitioner targeting?
A. Increased renin release
B. Peripheral vasoconstriction
C. Reduction in myocardial oxygen demand
D. Increased sinus node firing rate
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate and contractility, which
reduces the workload and oxygen demand of the myocardium in heart failure patients.
4. A patient taking Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes is scheduled for an elective CT scan with IV
contrast. What is the standard recommendation?
A. Double the dose on the day of the procedure.
B. Discontinue Metformin at the time of the procedure and hold for 48 hours.
C. Hold Metformin 48 hours before and after the scan.
D. No change in dosing is required for elective scans.
Answer: B
, Conceptual Explanation: Metformin should be held at the time of or prior to the
procedure and withheld for 48 hours after to prevent lactic acidosis in case of contrast-
induced renal failure.
5. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors?
A. Reducing glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules
B. Stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
C. Increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle tissue
D. Delaying carbohydrate absorption in the GI tract
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors block the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in
the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion.
6. A patient develops a dry, non-productive cough after starting Lisinopril. This is caused by
an accumulation of which substance?
A. Angiotensin II
B. Bradykinin
C. Renin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: B
