NR 222: Pathophysiology Exam 1 (2026/2027)
at Chamberlain University-Illinois: Master
the core concepts of your first nursing
exam with this comprehensive study
resource
This premium guide features a curated selection of practice questions directly
aligned with the Chamberlain curriculum, complete with verified answers and
detailed rationales. Each rationale breaks down the underlying physiological
mechanisms, helping you understand why an answer is correct so you can critically
analyze similar concepts on test day. Perfect for last-minute review, active recall,
or boosting your overall course confidence.
What’s Included:
• Exam-Targeted Content: Questions reflecting the specific core concepts
tested in Chamberlain's NR 222 Exam 1.
• Verified Answers: Clear, accurate keys to verify your knowledge and track
your progress.
• In-Depth Rationales: Detailed explanations for cellular processes, tissue
alterations, and early disease mechanisms to strengthen your clinical
reasoning.
• Up-to-Date for 2026: Fully aligned with the latest course objectives and
lecture materials.
21. Question: A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the
removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver
leads to ___________ of the remaining liver cells.
1
, Answer: C. Compensatory hyperplasia
• Detailed Rationale: The liver possesses a unique and highly efficient capacity for
regeneration. When a portion of liver tissue is surgically removed or damaged, the
remaining mature hepatocytes enter the cell cycle to replicate. This increase in the
number of cells to restore full functional mass and organ weight is the definition of
compensatory hyperplasia.
22. Question: An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of
not being able to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal
changes associated with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
Answer:
• B. Slowed metabolic rate
• C. Decreased brain weight
• E. Less respiratory capacity
• Detailed Rationale: Biological aging involves progressive, predictable physiological
declines across all major body systems. Metabolic rates slow down due to a reduction in
lean muscle mass. Brain weight decreases due to a gradual loss of neurons and a thinning
of cortical tissue. Respiratory capacity declines as the chest wall stiffens, respiratory
muscles weaken, and alveolar surface area decreases. Conversely, aging is associated
with decreased blood flow and slowed nerve conduction, making A and D incorrect.
23. Question: A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus
medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will
interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
Answer: A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
• Detailed Rationale: A Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is a screening tool used to detect
dysplasia in cervical epithelial cells. Dysplasia is pathologically characterized by
abnormal variations in cell size, shape, and architectural orientation, often accompanied
by enlarged, dark nuclei. Detecting these changes early allows for intervention before the
cells progress into invasive cervical cancer.
24. Question: The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because
their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy
2
at Chamberlain University-Illinois: Master
the core concepts of your first nursing
exam with this comprehensive study
resource
This premium guide features a curated selection of practice questions directly
aligned with the Chamberlain curriculum, complete with verified answers and
detailed rationales. Each rationale breaks down the underlying physiological
mechanisms, helping you understand why an answer is correct so you can critically
analyze similar concepts on test day. Perfect for last-minute review, active recall,
or boosting your overall course confidence.
What’s Included:
• Exam-Targeted Content: Questions reflecting the specific core concepts
tested in Chamberlain's NR 222 Exam 1.
• Verified Answers: Clear, accurate keys to verify your knowledge and track
your progress.
• In-Depth Rationales: Detailed explanations for cellular processes, tissue
alterations, and early disease mechanisms to strengthen your clinical
reasoning.
• Up-to-Date for 2026: Fully aligned with the latest course objectives and
lecture materials.
21. Question: A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the
removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver
leads to ___________ of the remaining liver cells.
1
, Answer: C. Compensatory hyperplasia
• Detailed Rationale: The liver possesses a unique and highly efficient capacity for
regeneration. When a portion of liver tissue is surgically removed or damaged, the
remaining mature hepatocytes enter the cell cycle to replicate. This increase in the
number of cells to restore full functional mass and organ weight is the definition of
compensatory hyperplasia.
22. Question: An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of
not being able to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal
changes associated with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
Answer:
• B. Slowed metabolic rate
• C. Decreased brain weight
• E. Less respiratory capacity
• Detailed Rationale: Biological aging involves progressive, predictable physiological
declines across all major body systems. Metabolic rates slow down due to a reduction in
lean muscle mass. Brain weight decreases due to a gradual loss of neurons and a thinning
of cortical tissue. Respiratory capacity declines as the chest wall stiffens, respiratory
muscles weaken, and alveolar surface area decreases. Conversely, aging is associated
with decreased blood flow and slowed nerve conduction, making A and D incorrect.
23. Question: A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus
medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will
interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
Answer: A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
• Detailed Rationale: A Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is a screening tool used to detect
dysplasia in cervical epithelial cells. Dysplasia is pathologically characterized by
abnormal variations in cell size, shape, and architectural orientation, often accompanied
by enlarged, dark nuclei. Detecting these changes early allows for intervention before the
cells progress into invasive cervical cancer.
24. Question: The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because
their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy
2
