VIRTUAL ATI COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2025-2026 –
COMPREHENSIVE NURSING REVIEW QUESTIONS,
ANSWER & RATIONALES, NCLEX PREPARATION
STUDY GUIDE
What natural supplement/homeopathic remedy is used to help heal burns and wounds? -
correct Answer--Aloe vera
What is lavage? - correct Answer--Washing out of a body cavity, such as a colon or stomach with
water or a medicated solution
What is a peritoneal lavage? - correct Answer--a diagnostic test in which a catheter is
inserted into peritoneal cavity and fluid is aspirated with a syringe. It is most commonly
performed to assess for bleeding in abd cavity in clients who have experienced blunt
trauma.
What are catecholamines? - correct Answer--adrenal hormones: dopamine, norepinephrine,
epinephrine
that help with fight or flight reactions
Bag holding formula and other feeding equipment for intermittent enteral feedings should be
discarded how often? - correct Answer--Every 6 hours to prevent bacterial contamination
What are the S/S of addison's disease? - correct Answer---Muscle or joint pain
-N/V
-abd pain
,-Postural hypotension
-Fatigue
-Salt craving
-Weight loss
Postural hypotension and salt craving may occur with what disease? - correct Answer--Addison's
disease
Skin pigmentation is a specific feature of what disease? - correct Answer--Addison's disease.
Caused by increased production of melanin
Adverse effect of echinacea? - correct Answer--Anaphylaxis, specifically in people with asthma
What is St. John's wort used for and what is its adverse effect? - correct Answer--Depression
*Precipitates serotonergic crisis with SSRIs
*Precipitates HTNsive crisis with digoxin
What is echinacea used for? - correct Answer--Colds and flu (boosts immune system)
What is Kava used for and what is its adverse effect? - correct Answer--Anxiety reduction,
insomnia
Can cause severe liver damage
What herbal supplements increase risk of bleeding? - correct Answer---Garlic
-Ginseng
,-Ginger
-Feverfew
-Ginkgo biloba
What are some complications of untreated growth hormone deficiency? - correct Answer-
--Delayed sexual development
-Short stature
-Delayed epiphyseal closure
-Stunted bone age
-Premature aging
What is the primary focus of group therapy? - correct Answer--Personal feelings that affect
behavior. Group setting allows for feedback that may enhance discovery of how feelings and
situations can drive behavior
A nurse is caring for a client with reduced mobility who has RA. To help hip flexion deformities
associated with RA; the nurse should help the client assume which of the following positions in
bed several times a day? - correct Answer--Prone. It will help keep the hips and knees in an
extended position
The nurse is providing care for a client who was admitted with an exacerbation of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). On assessment the nurse finds the client to be pale,
short of breath, and their lung sounds reveal rhonchi. What is the best initial action by the
nurse? - correct Answer--Encourage the client to take several deep breaths and perform
diaphragmatic coughing. The deep breaths will loosen secretions and coughing deeply will allow
these secretions to be expectorated
A charge nurse is planning a staff education session to discuss the meds used during the care of
a client experiencing GI bleeding. What med should the charge nurse include in discussion? -
correct Answer--Vasopressin (manmade ADH). It is a vasopressor that can constrict the
arterioles and reduce inflow to portal vein
, What is protamine sulfate used for? - correct Answer--Antidote to heparin for clients
experiencing a severe bleeding episode
What should be done with unused portion of formula used in intermittent enteral feedings? -
correct Answer--Refrigerated (up to 24 hrs) to prevent bacterial contamination
How long should the nurse elevate the HOB for a client after an intermitting feeding? - correct
Answer--30-60 minutes
Intermittent feedings are administered how often and for how long? - correct Answer--4-6x
times/day in equal portions
30-45 min.
What material is used for deep granulation of a pressure ulcer? - correct Answer--Impregnated
gauze and alginate to promote packing of the tissue
Pressure wounds with minimal to moderate exudates can be dressed with what? - correct
Answer--Thin hydrocolloid
What is the granulation phase of the healing process (of pressure ulcers)? - correct Answer--
Initial repair of new tissues are formed to facilitate remodeling of the affected area
What is the leading type of healthcare-associated infection? - correct Answer--Pneumonia
Encephalitis occurs most frequently d/t what? - correct Answer--Viruses (e.g. herpes simplex
I and II, varicella zoster (chickenpox and shingles); measles, mumps, and rubella
COMPREHENSIVE NURSING REVIEW QUESTIONS,
ANSWER & RATIONALES, NCLEX PREPARATION
STUDY GUIDE
What natural supplement/homeopathic remedy is used to help heal burns and wounds? -
correct Answer--Aloe vera
What is lavage? - correct Answer--Washing out of a body cavity, such as a colon or stomach with
water or a medicated solution
What is a peritoneal lavage? - correct Answer--a diagnostic test in which a catheter is
inserted into peritoneal cavity and fluid is aspirated with a syringe. It is most commonly
performed to assess for bleeding in abd cavity in clients who have experienced blunt
trauma.
What are catecholamines? - correct Answer--adrenal hormones: dopamine, norepinephrine,
epinephrine
that help with fight or flight reactions
Bag holding formula and other feeding equipment for intermittent enteral feedings should be
discarded how often? - correct Answer--Every 6 hours to prevent bacterial contamination
What are the S/S of addison's disease? - correct Answer---Muscle or joint pain
-N/V
-abd pain
,-Postural hypotension
-Fatigue
-Salt craving
-Weight loss
Postural hypotension and salt craving may occur with what disease? - correct Answer--Addison's
disease
Skin pigmentation is a specific feature of what disease? - correct Answer--Addison's disease.
Caused by increased production of melanin
Adverse effect of echinacea? - correct Answer--Anaphylaxis, specifically in people with asthma
What is St. John's wort used for and what is its adverse effect? - correct Answer--Depression
*Precipitates serotonergic crisis with SSRIs
*Precipitates HTNsive crisis with digoxin
What is echinacea used for? - correct Answer--Colds and flu (boosts immune system)
What is Kava used for and what is its adverse effect? - correct Answer--Anxiety reduction,
insomnia
Can cause severe liver damage
What herbal supplements increase risk of bleeding? - correct Answer---Garlic
-Ginseng
,-Ginger
-Feverfew
-Ginkgo biloba
What are some complications of untreated growth hormone deficiency? - correct Answer-
--Delayed sexual development
-Short stature
-Delayed epiphyseal closure
-Stunted bone age
-Premature aging
What is the primary focus of group therapy? - correct Answer--Personal feelings that affect
behavior. Group setting allows for feedback that may enhance discovery of how feelings and
situations can drive behavior
A nurse is caring for a client with reduced mobility who has RA. To help hip flexion deformities
associated with RA; the nurse should help the client assume which of the following positions in
bed several times a day? - correct Answer--Prone. It will help keep the hips and knees in an
extended position
The nurse is providing care for a client who was admitted with an exacerbation of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). On assessment the nurse finds the client to be pale,
short of breath, and their lung sounds reveal rhonchi. What is the best initial action by the
nurse? - correct Answer--Encourage the client to take several deep breaths and perform
diaphragmatic coughing. The deep breaths will loosen secretions and coughing deeply will allow
these secretions to be expectorated
A charge nurse is planning a staff education session to discuss the meds used during the care of
a client experiencing GI bleeding. What med should the charge nurse include in discussion? -
correct Answer--Vasopressin (manmade ADH). It is a vasopressor that can constrict the
arterioles and reduce inflow to portal vein
, What is protamine sulfate used for? - correct Answer--Antidote to heparin for clients
experiencing a severe bleeding episode
What should be done with unused portion of formula used in intermittent enteral feedings? -
correct Answer--Refrigerated (up to 24 hrs) to prevent bacterial contamination
How long should the nurse elevate the HOB for a client after an intermitting feeding? - correct
Answer--30-60 minutes
Intermittent feedings are administered how often and for how long? - correct Answer--4-6x
times/day in equal portions
30-45 min.
What material is used for deep granulation of a pressure ulcer? - correct Answer--Impregnated
gauze and alginate to promote packing of the tissue
Pressure wounds with minimal to moderate exudates can be dressed with what? - correct
Answer--Thin hydrocolloid
What is the granulation phase of the healing process (of pressure ulcers)? - correct Answer--
Initial repair of new tissues are formed to facilitate remodeling of the affected area
What is the leading type of healthcare-associated infection? - correct Answer--Pneumonia
Encephalitis occurs most frequently d/t what? - correct Answer--Viruses (e.g. herpes simplex
I and II, varicella zoster (chickenpox and shingles); measles, mumps, and rubella
