Biology 1407- Lecture Exam 1 Questions and Answers

Biology 1407- Lecture Exam 1 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
root
Correct Answer: the common ancestor of all the organisms in a tree


Question 2.
kinds of characters that can be used in generating phylogenies and their potential
drawbacks
Correct Answer: molecular data, reconstructing past events, forensic
investigation that involve vital transmission, evolution of complex traits,
revealing convergent evolution, reconstructing ancestral states


Question 3.
What kinds of direct observations have provided key evidence for evolution?
Correct Answer: Gradualism, uniformitarianism, most animals are endemic, &
organisms differed between islands.


Question 4.
endosymbiotic theory
Correct Answer: some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells that were once
prokaryotic microbes


Question 5.
disruptive selection
Correct Answer: specific type of natural selection that actively selects against
the intermediate in a population


Question 6.
horizontal gene transfer
Correct Answer: the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or
multicellular organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from
parent to offspring


Question 7.
What is a gene pool and how do we characterize one?
Correct Answer: Totality of all the alleles in a population (polymorphic)


Question 8.
locus
Correct Answer: Location of a gene on a chromosome


Question 9.
lineage
Correct Answer: an ancestor to descendants series of populations followed over
time


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,Question 10.
segregation of alleles
Correct Answer: Alleles separate and move into different haploid gamete sex
cells


Question 11.
"p"
Correct Answer: frequency of "B" allele


Question 12.
gametic
Correct Answer: sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize eggs of
another species


Question 13.
corssing over
Correct Answer: No separate answer was provided in the source PDF.


Question 14.
Homology vs. Analogy
Correct Answer: homology: features shared by two or more species that were
inherited from a common ancestor analogy: similarity of functions but do not
share the same origin


Question 15.
why must there be variation within a population for it to evolve?
Correct Answer: Genetic variation is important because it allows natural
selection to increase or decrease the frequency of alleles already in a
population. It enables some individuals to adapt to the environment while
maintaining the survival of the population


Question 16.
Phenotype
Correct Answer: An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.


Question 17.
frequency-dependent selection
Correct Answer: the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common it is in the
population


Question 18.
independent assortment
Correct Answer: Independent segregation of genes during the formation of
gametes


Question 19.
How can each of the conditions if not met, give rise to change in a populations gene pool?

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, (How does each represent an agent of change and what type of change does it cause to
the gene pool)?
Correct Answer: Mutations: become inheritable and will pass from parent to
offspring Selection among genotypes: different genotypes will be selected gene
flow:can bring new alleles into a population population size is small:diminishes
genetic variation, allele frequencies increase or decrease non-random mating:
alters genotype frequencies


Question 20.
binomial system of nomenclature
Correct Answer: gives species a unique name "scientific name"


Question 21.
recognize all the examples of reproductive isolation
Correct Answer: temporal, ecological, behavioral, and mechanical isolations


Question 22.
Interbreeding
Correct Answer: when two members of the same species mate and produce
offspring.


Question 23.
morphological
Correct Answer: species based on their appearance. Limitations: sexual
dimorphism, cryptic species


Question 24.
artificial selection
Correct Answer: Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce
offspring with identical traits.


Question 25.
disruptive selection
Correct Answer: form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two;
occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have
higher fitness than individuals near the middle


Question 26.
Phanerozoic
Correct Answer: where plant and animal life has existed. name means life


Question 27.
when and what type of life first moved on to land
Correct Answer: during the precambrian period, archeaon eon, prokaryotes
evolved


Question 28.

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